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Lab exam 4 (FINAL) Flashcards

final

1
Q

order of the meninges from most superficial to deepest

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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2
Q

divisions of the dura mater

A

divided into an outer periosteum dura and an inner meningeal dura; space deep to the dura mater is the subdural space

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3
Q

divisions of the arachnoid mater

A

deep to the arachnoid mater is the subarachnoid space- which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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4
Q

know the diagrams for ch 17

A

ch 17

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5
Q

olfactory nerve (number and function)

A

I

sensory

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6
Q

optic nerve (number and function)

A

II

sensory

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7
Q

Oculomotor nerve (number and function)

A

III

motor

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8
Q

Trochlear nerve (number and function)

A

IV

motor

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9
Q

Trigeminal nerve (number and functions)

A

V

both

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10
Q

Abducens nerve (number and functions)

A

VI

motor

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11
Q

Facial nerve (number and function)

A

VII

both

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12
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve (number and function)

A

VIII

Sensory

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13
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (number and function)

A

IX

both

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14
Q

Vagus nerve (number and function)

A

X

Both

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15
Q

Accessory nerve (number and function)

A

XI

Motor

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16
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (number and function)

A

XII

motor

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17
Q

cranial nerve number mnemonic and type mnemonic

A 
old (Olfactory). Sally 
Oliver (Optic).  Sells 
ogg (oculomotor). Many 
Traveled (trochlear)  Monkeys 
To (trigeminal) but 
africa (abducens) my
for  (facial) brother 
very  (vestibulocochlear) sells 
good (glossopharyngeal) bigger
vacations (vagus) better
and  (accessory) mega 
holidays  (hypoglossal) monkeys
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18
Q

into what space does fluid flow from the cerebral aqueduct

A

fourth ventricle

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19
Q

what is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus

A

gyrus- ridges of the convolutions

sulcus- depressions of the convolutions

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20
Q

which one of the meninges is just superficial to the surface of the brain

A

pia mater

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21
Q

what fluid is found in the ventricles of the brain

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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22
Q

what structure connects the cerebral hemisphere

A

longitudinal fissure

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23
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

is a location primarily noted for muscle coordination and maintenance of posture

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24
Q

optic nerve (sensory or motor)

A

sensory

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25
Q

trochlear nerve (sensory or motor)

A

motor

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26
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (sensory or motor)

A

both

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27
Q

hypoglossal nerve (sensory or motor)

A

motor

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28
Q

vagus nerve (sensory or motor)

A

both

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29
Q

number of cervical nerves

A

8 pairs

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30
Q

number of thoracic nerves

A

12 pairs

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31
Q

number of lumbar nerves

A

5

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32
Q

number of sacral nerves

A

5

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33
Q

number of coccygeal nerves

A

1

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34
Q

cervical plexus

A

C1-C4; phrenic

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35
Q

brachial plexus

A

C5-T1; radial, median, ulnar, musculorcutaneous, axillary

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36
Q

lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4; femoral, obturator

37
Q

sacral plexus

A

L4-S4; sciatic (tibial and common. fibular)

38
Q

axillary (arm, leg, or trunk)

39
Q

radial (arm, leg, or trunk)

40
Q

musculorcutaneous (arm, leg or trunk)

41
Q

ulnar (arm, leg, or trunk)

42
Q

median (arm, leg, or trunk)

43
Q

obturator (arm, leg or trunk)

44
Q

femoral (arm, leg, or trunk)

45
Q

tibial (arm, leg, or trunk)

46
Q

fibular (arm, leg, or trunk)

47
Q

anterior gray horn (motor or sensory)

48
Q

posterior gray horn (motor or sensory)

49
Q

ascending spinal tract (motor or sensory)

50
Q

descending spinal tract (motor or sensory)

51
Q

what causes the cervicle enlargement of the spinal cord

A

its because of the nerves that supply the upper extremities

52
Q

where is the film terminale located

53
Q

what is the conus medullarllis

A

end of the spinal cord - connects to the coccyx

54
Q

what is the caudal equina

A

extension of parallel nerve fibers in the lumbar and sacral regions, neural communication of spinal cord

55
Q

in the spinal cord, which is deep to the other, the white matter or the gray matter

A

gray matter

56
Q

the subarachnoid space is filled with what fluid

A

cerebrospinal fluid

57
Q

what nerves arise from the cervical plexus

58
Q

what nerves arise from the brachial plexus

A

radial, medial ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary

59
Q

what nerves arise from the lumbar plexus

A

femoral, obturator

60
Q

what nerves arise from the sacral plexus

61
Q

in terms of function, how does the dorsal spinal root very from the ventral spinal root

A

the dorsal spinal root carries sensory info the ventral spinal root carries motor info

62
Q

what is the endoneurium

A

sheath that surrounds a single nerve fiber

63
Q

how do tracts differ from nerves

A

nerves- peripheral nervous system

tracts- central nervous system

64
Q

what is a mixed nerve

A

carry both sensory and motor information

65
Q

the diaphragm’s contractions are regulated by what nerve

A

phrenic nerves

66
Q

the five structures in a reflex arc

A

receptor, afferent (sensory) neuron, integrating center, efferent (motor) neuron, effector

67
Q

patellar reflex

A

tests the conduction of the femoral nerve

68
Q

triceps brachii reflex

A

tests the radial nerve

69
Q

biceps brachii reflex

A

tests the musculorcutaneous nerve

70
Q

calcaneal tendon reflex

A

tests the plantar flexion in the foot

71
Q

hyperreflexic

A

an exaggerated response

72
Q

hyporeflexic

A

showing less than average reflex

73
Q

define threshold voltage in nerve conduction

A

minimum voltage required for nerve conduction

74
Q

define maximum recruitment voltage in nevre conduction

A

when all the neurons of a particular nerve are stimulated

75
Q

what structure receives a stimulus from the external environment and relays it to the sensory neuron

76
Q

what is another name for an efferent neuron

A

motor neuron

77
Q

define reflex

A

a motor response to a stimulus w/o conscious thought, involuntary, predictable

78
Q

in what kind of reflexes are there just two neurons

A

monosynaptic reflex arcs

79
Q

polysnaptic reflexes have a neuron specific to them. What is the name of that neuron?

A

interneuron

80
Q

in terms of numbers of synapses, what kind of reflexes is a patellar reflex

A

monosynaptic reflex

81
Q

punctate distribution

A

uneven distribution of sense receptors

82
Q

photoreceptors

A

detect light

83
Q

thermoreceptors

A

located in the skin, detect change in temperature

84
Q

proprioreceptors

A

detect changes in tensions such as those in joints

85
Q

nociceptors

A

transmit the sensations of pain are present as naked nerve endings in areas such as skinner stomach

86
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

perceive mechanical stimuli

87
Q

baroreceptors

A

respond to changes in pressure such as blood pressure

88
Q

chemoreceptors

A

respond to changes in the chemical environment

Lab (3 decks)

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