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BIOL 1020 > Lab Exam #3 > Flashcards

Lab Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of fungi?

A
  • cell walls of chitin
  • non-motile (incapable of moving)
  • nutrients obtained by absorption (absorptive heterotrophs)
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2
Q

What is the structure of fungi?

A

Hypha - filament

  • asephate - no cross walls
  • coenocytic - continuous mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei
  • septate - cross walls present
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3
Q

In regard to fungi structure, what grows underground?

A

Mycelium (a mass of filaments called hyphae)

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4
Q

In regard to fungi structure, what grows above ground?

A

Fruiting bodies, which are reproductive structures

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5
Q

What are the roles of fungi?

A
  • foods, medicines, alcohol
  • decomposers (saprobic fungi) –> ex. lichens, mycorrhizae
  • ## parasitism
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6
Q

What are the important parts of the fungi life cycle?

A
  • zygotic meiosis
  • plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm — n+n)
  • karyogamy (fusion of nuclei — 2n)
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7
Q

What specific reproductive structure is each phyla named after?

  • Zygomycota
  • Ascomycota
  • Basidiomycota
A
  • zygosporangium
  • ascocarp
  • basidiocarp
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8
Q

What kind of relationship do lichens have?

A

A symbiotic relationship between an ascomycete/basidiomycete and a green algae

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9
Q

Define zygotic meiosis

A

part of a fungi’s sexual life cycle where the organism exists for more of the time as a multicellular, haploid organism.

  • at some point in the haploid phase, gametes are produced by mitosis
  • the diploid zygote undergoes a meiotic division and haploid spores are the result.
  • these spores germinate to produce a new multicellular
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10
Q

What are the key characteristics of animals?

A
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophic (ingestive)
  • motile
  • gametic life cycle (diagnostic embryonic development — blastula and gastrula formation)
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11
Q

Explain gametic meiosis

A

1) multicellular diploid individual undergoes meiosis
2) gametes are formed (haploid), which undergo syngamy
3) a zygote is formed (diploid), which undergoes mitosis
4) a multicellular diploid individual is formed

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12
Q

What is the basal lineage of Metazoa and it’s key characteristics?

A

Phylum Porifera

  • no true tissues or organs
  • radial symmetry (or none)
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13
Q

What is the basal lineage of Eumetazoa and it’s key characteristics?

A

Phylum Radiata

  • tissues and organs
  • radial or bilateral symmetry

Phylum Bilateria

  • tissues and organs
  • bilateral symmetry, triploblastic
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14
Q

What are the Bilateria lineages and what are their key characteristics?

A

Protosomes

  • spiral and determinate cleavage
  • schizocoelous
  • blastopore —> mouth

Deuterostomes

  • radial and indeterminate cleavage
  • Enterocoelous
  • blastopore —> anus
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15
Q

What are the 3 coelom types? Define each

A
  • Acoelomate (no body cavity)
  • Pseudocoelomate (body cavity partially lined with mesoderm
  • Eucoelomate (true coelom entirely lined with mesoderm)
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16
Q

What are the bilateria lineages under Phylum Protostomia?

A
  • Lophotrochozoa (molecular evidence, a lophophore, or trochophore larva)
  • Ecdysozoa (molecular evidence, shedding of outermost layer)
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17
Q

What organisms are in Phylum Cnidaria?

A
  • Medusozoans (hydra, man-o-war, jellyfish)

- Anthozoans (corals, anemones)

18
Q

What organisms are in Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  • Planarians
  • Flukes
  • Tapeworms
19
Q

What organisms are in Phylum Mollusca?

A
  • Class Polyplacophora (chitons)
  • Class Gastropoda (snails and slugs)
  • Class Bivalvia (clams, oysters, mussels)
  • Class Cephalopoda (squid, octopuses, nautiluses)
20
Q

What organisms are in Phylum Annelida?

A
  • polychaetes
  • earthworms
  • leeches
21
Q

What are the key characteristics of Porifera?

A
  • asymmetrical (Radial) body symmetry
  • lack true tissues
  • marine and freshwater habitat
  • free-living
  • oscula
  • spongocoel
  • pores lined with choanocytes
22
Q

What does an ascocarp consist of and what type of reproduction is it a part of?

A
  • ascospores

- asci

23
Q

What are the 3 types of ascocarps?

A
  • cleistothecium (closed and spherical)
  • perithecium (vase-shaped with a small pore at one end)
  • apothecium (cup-shaped)
24
Q

What 2 types of hyphae are there?

A
  • aseptate and coenocytic (do not have cross-walls and instead consist of a continuous mass of cytoplasm containing many nuclei)
  • septate (cross walls of some form are present)
25
Q

What is a key characteristic of Ecdysozoans?

A

all display ecdysis

- molting of outermost layer

26
Q

What three categories are in Phylum Arthropoda

A
  • Chelicerates (spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions)
  • Pancrustaceans
  • —> Isopoda, decapoda, maxillopoda, branchiopoda
  • —> Hexapoda (insects): hemiptera, coleoptera, diptera, hymenoptera, lepidoptera
  • myriapods (centipedes and millipedes)
27
Q

What are some key characteristics of deuterostomes?

A
  • radial, indeterminate cleavage
  • enterocoelous coelom formation
  • blastopore forms anus
28
Q

What are some key characteristics of Phylum Chordata?

A
  • pharyngeal gills slits
  • notochord
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord
  • post-anal tail
29
Q

What are the subphylums in phylum chordata?

A
  • Cephalochordata (lancelots)
  • Urochordata (tunicates)
  • Vertebrata (vertebrates)
30
Q

What are the animals in phylum echinodermata?

A
  • sea stars
  • urchins, sand dollars
  • sea cucumbers
31
Q

What characteristics does Porifera have?

A
  • no true tissue
32
Q

What characteristics does Cnidaria have?

A
  • true tissue

- radial symmetry

33
Q

What characteristics do Chordata and Echinodermata have?

A
  • true tissues
  • bilateral symmetry
  • Deuterostomia (indeterminate cleavage)
34
Q

What characteristics do arthropoda and nematoda have?

A
  • true tissues
  • bilateral symmetry
  • Ecdysozoa (cuticle)
  • protostermia (determinate cleavage)
35
Q

What characteristics do platyhelminthes, mollusca, annelida, and rotifa have?

A
  • true tissues
  • bilateral symmetry
  • protostermia (determinate cleavage)
  • lophotrochozoa (lophoophores and trachophores)
36
Q

What defines order hemiptera?

A

partially hardened wings (true bugs)

37
Q

What defines order coleoptera?

A

hardened wings (beetles)

38
Q

What defines order diptera?

A

2 membranous wings (flies)

39
Q

What defines order hymenoptera?

A

4 membranous wings, one pair smaller than the other (wasps, bees, and ants)

40
Q

What defines order leidoptera?

A

four large wings (butterflies and moths)

BIOL 1020 (4 decks)

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