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BIOL 1020 > Lab Exam #2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define unicellular

A

consisting of a single cell

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2
Q

Define colonial

A

several individual organisms living together in close association

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3
Q

Define multicellular

A

consisting of multiple cells

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4
Q

Define a photoautotroph

A

a photosynthetic organism

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5
Q

Define a heterotroph

A

an organism that consumes other organisms in a food chain (e.g., phagocytosis)

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6
Q

Define a mixotroph

A

a combination of photoautotroph and heterotroph

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7
Q

Define syngamy

A

the fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction

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8
Q

Define binary fission

A

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

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9
Q

Define budding

A

a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism

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10
Q

Define fragmentation and regeneration

A

Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction when a living being breaks into various pieces or smaller pieces of itself.

Regeneration is a process where there is complete or partial regrowth of damaged tissues in any living organism.

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11
Q

What is categorized in SAR clade?

A
  • Stramenopiles
  • Alveolates
  • Rhizarians
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12
Q

What is categorized in clade Archaeplastida?

A
  • red algae*
  • chlorophytes*
  • charophytes*
  • land plants
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13
Q

What is categorized in clade Excavata?

A
  • diplomonads
  • parabasalids
  • euglenozoans*
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14
Q

What is categorized in clade Unikonta?

A
  • Amoebozoans

- Opisthokonts

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15
Q

What is categorized in stramenopiles?

A
  • diatoms*
  • golden algae
  • brown algae*
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16
Q

What is categorized in alveolates?

A
  • dinoflagllates*
  • apicomplexans
  • ciliates*
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17
Q

What is categorized in rhizarians?

A
  • forams
  • cercozoans
  • radiolarians
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18
Q

What is categorized in amoebozoans?

A
  • slime moulds*
  • tubulinids*
  • entamoebas
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19
Q

What is categorized in opisthokonts?

A
  • nucleariids
  • fungi
  • choanoflagellates
  • animals
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20
Q

Define secondary endosymbiosis

A

occurs when the product of primary endosymbiosis is itself engulfed and retained by another free living eukaryote.

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21
Q

Define paramylon

A

a carbohydrate similar to starch

- Euglena store their energy as paramylon

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22
Q

Define longitudinal fission?

A

asexual reproduction where the organism divides down their length

23
Q

Which phylum in supergroup excavata reproduces through longitudinal fission?

A

Euglenozoans

24
Q

What is a pellicle?

A

a thin skin or film

-Euglena have a pellicle

25
Q

What is a flagellum?

A

a slender threadlike structure

26
Q

What is a specific species in the ciliates group?

A

Stentor

27
Q

What are cilia?

A

hair-like structures

28
Q

What does a macronucleus do?

A

metabolism

29
Q

What do contractile vacuoles do?

A

collect and cycle to the outside of the stentor the water that flows in to balance the higher salt concentration inside the protozoan.

30
Q

Name a type of dinoflagellate

A

Peridinium

31
Q

What is silica?

A

an amorphous metal oxide formed by complex inorganic polymerization processes

32
Q

Define centric

A

radially symmetric

33
Q

Define pennate

A

bilaterally symmetrical

34
Q

What is the scientific name for brown algae?

A

Laminaria

35
Q

Define thallus

A

the body of algae, fungi, and other lower organisms

36
Q

What is a blade?

A

the leaf of a plant

37
Q

What is a stipe?

A

usually a short stalk of a plant or fungus

38
Q

What is a holdfast?

A

the part of kelp most similar in appearance and location to the roots of a plant

39
Q

What is a meristem?

A

a formative plant tissue usually made up of small cells capable of dividing indefinitely and giving rise to similar cells

40
Q

What is a lamina?

A

plate or layer

41
Q

What is the scientific name for red algae?

A

Polysiphonia

42
Q

Define phycoerythrin

A

a photosynthetic pigment that is adapted to take advantage of a wide spectrum of light in various depths of water

43
Q

What two categories does green algae fit into?

A

chlorophytes and charophytes

44
Q

What is a specific example of a chlorophyte?

A

Volvox

45
Q

What is a specific example of a charophyte?

A

Spirogyra

46
Q

What is the scientific name for slime mould?

A

Physarum sp.

47
Q

Define plasmodium

A

thin, streaming masses of multinucleated protoplasm

48
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

a process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles

49
Q

Define sporangium

A

a structure within which spores are produced

50
Q

Define cytoplasmic streaming

A

the movement of the fluid substance (cytoplasm) within a plant or animal cell

51
Q

What is a pseudopodium?

A

temporary or semi-permanent extension of cytoplasm, used in locomotion and feeding

52
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

53
Q

What is ectoplasm?

A

the non-granulated outer part of a cell’s cytoplasm

54
Q

What is endoplasm?

A

the inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell

BIOL 1020 (4 decks)

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