Lab Exam 2 Slide Material

Question 1

Two reasons why we might estimate VO2max

Answer 1

1. Prescription: intensity and supervision
2. Direct measurement of VO2max not always possible

Question 2

What reasons make direct measurment of Vo2max not always possible

Answer 2

expensive equipment, trained staff, time constraints, large groups, motivation, medical considerations

Question 3

Non-exercise regression equations are based on what 5 factors

Answer 3

age, sex, BMI, PA-R (Physical Activity Rating), and PFA (Perceived Functional Ability)

Question 4

Sub-max heart rate regression equations (2)

Answer 4

1. Extrapolation using age-predicted max HR
2. Queen’s College Step Test

Question 5

To extrapolate VO2max based on submax HR what two values do we need

Answer 5

measure HR @ at least two submax workloads
* 120 bpm up to 70-85% predicted maximal HR

Question 6

How to extrapolate subma HR to estimate VO2max

Answer 6

• draw line thru HR points and extrapolate to the predicted HRmax
• Draw another line down from that point to the x-axis and identify VO2max

HR (bpm) vs VO2 (ml/kg/min)

Question 7

What is queens college step test based on

Answer 7

recovery HR

Question 8

Queens College Step Test Protocol

Answer 8

• 4-step cadence
• Men: 24 step ups/min
• Women: 22 step ups/min
• 3 min of stepping
• 5 seconds after stepping, measure HR for 15 sec

Question 9

Measuring HR using radial pulse

Answer 9

place your index and middle fingers together on
the opposite wrist, about 1/2 inch on
the inside of the joint, in line with the
index finger. Once you find a pulse,
count the number of beats you feel
within a fifteen second period and
multiply that number by 4

Question 10

Predictive VO2max regression equations are derived from actually measuring what

Answer 10

VO2max in large numbers of subjects

Question 11

Standard error of the estimate (SEE)

Answer 11

How far off the predicted VO2max is from the measured value
* 1 SEE described 68% of estimates
* VO2max estimated from HR in submax test: SEE = 5 ml/kg/min

Question 12

Three assumptions that contribute to the SEE

Answer 12

1. Linearity of the HR-VO2 relationship: relationship is linear but slope is affected by factors like diet, hydration, emotion, temp)
2. Max HR can be estimated based on age: standard deviation at same age is +/- 10 bpm
3. Assumed exercise economy: there’s varaition in exercise economy based on factors like individual variation, cadence, and test modality

Question 13

Significance of this graph

Answer 13

Shows that when exercise intensities are set based on VO2R, the percent values are approximately equal to %HRR because the reserve methods are used to account for variability in fitness.

The red line (reserve line) is coupled over the entire range of exercises, and thus might be more accurate for prescribing intensities.

The blue line shoes that one individuals 50% HRmax may not represent their 50% VO2max

Question 14

American college od sports medicine recommendations for cardiorespiratory endurance exercise (mode, frequency, duration, intensity)

Answer 14

Mode: use large muscle groups
Frequency: 3-5 days per week
Duration: 20-60 minutes
Intensity: moderate and/or vigorous exercise

Question 15

Why is it beneficial to know your body composition, in particular

Answer 15

• body fat
• lean body mass
• bone density

Question 16

Anthropometric health risk assessments (2)

Answer 16

1. body mass index (kg/m^2) - body size
2. waist circumference (cm) - body fatness

Question 17

BMI for obesity

Answer 17

BMI greater than or equal to 30
BMI > 30 is associated with health problems

Question 18

Is BMI used to predict body fat %

Answer 18

NO
BMI is used to classify body sizes and predict risk of disease

Question 19

Is a BMI between 25-34.9 meaningful

Answer 19

Its within the range of over weight to obese (class I) however usually needs more info

Question 20

For adults that are not resistance training, each pound gained is due to

Answer 20

body fat

Question 21

What type of adiposity is waist circumference used to measure

& a downside

Answer 21

used to measure abdominal (visceral) adiposity
* we still have subcutaneous fat in abdomen so we cannot differentiate these

Question 22

two types of obsesity depending on location of fat

Answer 22

1. Upper body obesity (android): fat primarily in abdominal region - greater health risk due to fat surrounding organs
2. Lower body obesity (gynoid): fat primarily in the hips and thighs - less health risk