LAB EXAM 2 Flashcards
what is the cell wall of bacteria made of ?
bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan ( also called murein) which is made of polysaccharides chains cross linked by unusual peptides contains D-amino acids
what are the round shaped bacteria called
cocci
what are the rod shaped bacteria called
bacilli
how do you calculate how many colonies there would be given the amount of dna
Concentration of DNA …..μg/μl=x(amount of DNA)/μl(used) …… transformation effciency = # of transformed cells/ amount of DNA(μg) (which is the X in the first equation)
briefly describe the calvin cycle
the calvin cycle uses the reducing power of nadph and the energy of atp to reduce 6co2 to glucose all of which happens in the storm of the chloroplast
products of the calvin cycle
3 CO2 + 6 NADPH + 5 H2O + 9 ATP → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi (Pi = inorganic phosphate)
chi squared
x= (observerd - expected)^2 / expected
what is the blah gene
part of the DNA which codes for beta lactase which allows for resistance to the penicillin family ampicillin
gfp and how is it activated by arabinose
arabinose is an induce it activates transcription of the GFP
what is special about blood agar what does it mean when bacteria grows on it
blood agar plates allow for the growth of fastidious organisms
why is the oil lense harder to focus
because it has a small depth of field
what happens when arabinose is present but not ampicillin
the cells would grow in a lawn formation because there would be not amp to kill any cells they would also glow green because the arabinose would activate transcription of GFP
calculate RF value
distance pigment moves/distance solvent moves
rules for working with bacteria safely
no food or drinks wash hands with soap before leaving lab put contaminated disposables in hazard arg disinfect table before leaving lab bit microscope gal but bacteria slides in disinfecting water
positive and negative controls
negative control - no effect when there should be no effect
positive control - an effect happens when there should be an effect
araC
a promoter region that regulates the expression of gap which requires arabinose present
GFP
the green fluorescent protein which gives a green glow if cells produce this type of protein
Bla
which codes for the enzyme beta lactase which the transformed bacteria resistance to the beta lactic family of antibiotics
heterozygous
having two different alleles for a trait ex Tt
homozygous
having the same alleles for a trait TT tt
absorbtion spectrum range
400-700
where would you find pigment
thylakoid membrane
Prophase I
Chromosomes coil up nuclear envelope disappears spindle forms homolosg Spain up crossing over
Prophase II
Chromosomes coil up nuclear envelope disappears spindle forms
