LAB EXAM 2

Question 1

what is the cell wall of bacteria made of ?

Answer 1

bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan ( also called murein) which is made of polysaccharides chains cross linked by unusual peptides contains D-amino acids

Question 2

what are the round shaped bacteria called

Answer 2

cocci

Question 3

what are the rod shaped bacteria called

Answer 3

bacilli

Question 4

how do you calculate how many colonies there would be given the amount of dna

Answer 4

Concentration of DNA …..μg/μl=x(amount of DNA)/μl(used) …… transformation effciency = # of transformed cells/ amount of DNA(μg) (which is the X in the first equation)

Question 5

briefly describe the calvin cycle

Answer 5

the calvin cycle uses the reducing power of nadph and the energy of atp to reduce 6co2 to glucose all of which happens in the storm of the chloroplast

Question 6

products of the calvin cycle

Answer 6

3 CO2 + 6 NADPH + 5 H2O + 9 ATP → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi (Pi = inorganic phosphate)

Question 7

chi squared

Answer 7

x= (observerd - expected)^2 / expected

Question 8

what is the blah gene

Answer 8

part of the DNA which codes for beta lactase which allows for resistance to the penicillin family ampicillin

Question 9

gfp and how is it activated by arabinose

Answer 9

arabinose is an induce it activates transcription of the GFP

Question 10

what is special about blood agar what does it mean when bacteria grows on it

Answer 10

blood agar plates allow for the growth of fastidious organisms

Question 11

why is the oil lense harder to focus

Answer 11

because it has a small depth of field

Question 12

what happens when arabinose is present but not ampicillin

Answer 12

the cells would grow in a lawn formation because there would be not amp to kill any cells they would also glow green because the arabinose would activate transcription of GFP

Question 13

calculate RF value

Answer 13

distance pigment moves/distance solvent moves

Question 14

rules for working with bacteria safely

Answer 14

no food or drinks wash hands with soap before leaving lab put contaminated disposables in hazard arg disinfect table before leaving lab bit microscope gal but bacteria slides in disinfecting water

Question 15

positive and negative controls

Answer 15

negative control - no effect when there should be no effect

positive control - an effect happens when there should be an effect

Question 16

araC

Answer 16

a promoter region that regulates the expression of gap which requires arabinose present

Question 17

GFP

Answer 17

the green fluorescent protein which gives a green glow if cells produce this type of protein

Question 18

Bla

Answer 18

which codes for the enzyme beta lactase which the transformed bacteria resistance to the beta lactic family of antibiotics

Question 19

heterozygous

Answer 19

having two different alleles for a trait ex Tt

Question 20

homozygous

Answer 20

having the same alleles for a trait TT tt

Question 21

absorbtion spectrum range

Answer 21

400-700

Question 22

where would you find pigment

Answer 22

thylakoid membrane

Question 23

Prophase I

Answer 23

Chromosomes coil up nuclear envelope disappears spindle forms homolosg Spain up crossing over

Question 24

Prophase II

Answer 24

Chromosomes coil up nuclear envelope disappears spindle forms