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Bio 101 Glendale college > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

many eukaryotic cells make proteins that are exported from the cell. Where are these proteins synthesized

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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2
Q

which organelle sorts, modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins before they are sent to their final destination

A

Golgi apparatus

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3
Q

which of the following regulates the entry and exit of materials from cells

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

which organelle is the main site of lipid synthesis

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

a cross section through what organelle would reveal a “9+2” pattern of microtubules

A

cilia and flagella

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6
Q

to minimize changes in pH, biologival fluids contain

A

buffers

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7
Q

hydrogen bonds are important in

A

water cellulose proteins dna

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8
Q

polymers are converted to monomers by

A

hydrolysis

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9
Q

according to the theory of evolution all species on earth share a common ancestor

A

true

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10
Q

what kind of chemical bond or interaction enables geeks and sides to stick to glass

A

van der Waals interactions

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11
Q

all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism make up that organisms ________

A

Metabolism

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12
Q

which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related to one another A bacteria and archaea b bacterica and eukarya C archaea and eukarya

A

C archaea and eukarya

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13
Q

which of the following atoms has the greatest electronegativity A. carbon B. hydrogen C. phosphorus D. Oxygen E. nitrogen

A

D. oxygen

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14
Q

which of the following polysaccharides contain branching A gycogen b starch C cellulose d glycogen and starch e glycogen starch and cellulose

A

D glycogen and starch

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15
Q

a cross section of this organelle contains 9 triplets of microtubules

A

Basal Body

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16
Q

where would you find an abundance of collagen

A

Extracellular matrix of animal cell

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17
Q

channel proteins that specifically allow the passage of water across a membrane are know as

A

aquaporins

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18
Q

G=H-TS what does the G Represent here

A

Free energy

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19
Q

according to the second law of thermodynamics what happens when energy in converted from

A

the usage energy decreases

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20
Q

who proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution

A

darwin

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21
Q

what is Homeostasis

A

regulation the internal environment within limits

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22
Q

which of the following statements about water is not true a) it releases a large amount of heat when changing from liquid to vapor B)Its solid form is less dense than its liquid form C) it is the most effective solvent of Polar substances D) it is typically the most abundant substance in an active organism E) it takes part in some major chemical reactions

A

A) it releases a large amount of heat when changing from liquid into vapor

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23
Q

which organelle is not surrounded by one or more membranes

A

Ribosomes

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24
Q

Microfilaments________

A

are composed of actin

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25
Q

facilidad difusión and active transport both

A

require use of proteins as carriers

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26
Q

in a chemical reaction

A

the rate depends on the activation energy

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27
Q

which amino acid is capable of forming disulfide bond/bridges

A

Cystine: is composed of two cysteines linked by a disulfide bond (shown here in its neutral form). Disulfide bonds in proteins are formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues by the process of oxidative folding. The other sulfur-containing amino acid, methionine, cannot form disulfide bonds.

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28
Q

biological membranes must be fluid/flexible to work properly. which of the following increases membrane fluidity A) an increase in temperature B) increasing the amount of saturated fatty acids C) a decrease in temperature D) increasing the amount of saturated fatty acids E) both a and D

A

E) both A and D

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29
Q

what kind of chemical bond links fatty acids to glycerol in a molecule of fat

A

Ester bond

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30
Q

which of the following statements about base pairing is FALSE: A) in Dna adeline pairs with thymine B)In Rna Adenine pairs with Thymine C) in Dna Guanine pairs with cytosine D) In Rna Guanine pairs with Cytosine E) all of the above

A

B)In Rna Adenine pairs with Thymine

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31
Q

Naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have _________ in the hydrocarbon chain

A

One or more Cis Doube Bonds

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32
Q

what kind of molecule is chitin

A

Polysaccharide

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33
Q

the cell walls of plants contain _______

A

Cellulose

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34
Q

what kind of molecule is shown

A

Purine

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35
Q

which of the following are part of the cell theory A) All organisms are Composed of One or more Cells D) all cells come from preexisting cells C) all cells have a plasma membrane D) both a and B E) A B and C

A

Both A and B

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36
Q

whick of the following cell junctions is used to prevent substannces from moving through the space between walls

A

Tight Junctions

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37
Q

a competitive inhibitor that binds ti tge actuve sture if an enzyme will

A

Increase the K m of the enzyme

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38
Q

according to the first law of themodynamics the total amout of energy in the universe is

A

is constant

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39
Q

which of the following organelles have their own DNA and Ribosomes

A centrioles

B mitochondria

C Flagella

D chloroplast

E both C and D

A

E both C and D

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40
Q

a cell is put into a hypertonic solution

A

water will leave the cell

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41
Q

a transporter protein is moving two solutes in opposite direction this protein is _____?

A

An Antiport

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42
Q

some of our white blood cells destroy invading bacteria by ingesting them what mechanism are these cells using to bring these bulky materials into the cell

A

Endocytosis

43
Q

the Part if ab enzyme that binds to the substrate is called the

A

active site

44
Q

which of the following statements about ATP is not True

  1. ATP is a nucleotide
  2. atp is used in eukarotic cells but not prokaryotic cells
  3. ATp is an energy carrier
  4. atp has 3 phosphate groups
  5. most of the atp in eukaryotic cells is made in the mitochondria
A

atp is used in eukarotic cells but not prokaryotic cells

45
Q

which of the following statments about enzymes is false

  1. enzymes are proteins
  2. enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction
  3. enzymes are sensitive to temperature
  4. enzymes are sensitvie to pH
  5. a chemical reaction that is endergonic is the absence of an enzyme will be exergonic in the presence of an enzyme
A

a chemical reaction that is endergonic is the absence of an enzyme will be exergonic in the presence of an enzyme

46
Q

which of the following have a prokaryatic cell structure

  1. bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. eukarya
  4. both a and b
  5. both b and c
A

Both a and B

47
Q

which of the following desctibes a far reaching explination of observed facts that is supported by such a large body of evidence

A

Theory

48
Q

hydrogen ions can also be called

A

protons

49
Q

which of the following is not a monosaccharide

  1. ribose
  2. glucose
  3. sucrose
  4. fuctrise
  5. Deoxyribose
A

Sucrose

50
Q

which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals

  1. starch
  2. cellulose
  3. glycogen
  4. fats
  5. glucose
A

glycogen

51
Q

nucleic acids are long polymers of nucleotides joined by

A

pjosphodiester bonds

52
Q

which o the following is a function of proteins

  1. enzymes
  2. hormones
  3. building structures within cells
  4. transport and movement
  5. proteins have all of the above
A

proteins have all of the above

53
Q

prokaryotic cells contain

A

ribosomes

54
Q

which one of the following statments is not true regaurding glycogen starch and cellulose

  1. all three are long ploymers of glucose
  2. all are easily digested by most animals
  3. starch and cellulose are found in plants and not animals
  4. the glucose molecules are connected by glycosidic lenkages
  5. cellulose is the most abundant organic compoind on earth
A

cellulose is the most abundant organic compoind on earth

55
Q

which structure within cells that makes proteins

A

Ribosomes

56
Q

which of the following best describes the structure of a fat

A

3 fatty acids attatched to glycerol

57
Q

molecules which dissolve in water are called _____

A

Hydrophylic

58
Q

Dna is usually a double stranded molecule what holds the two strands of dna together?

A

hydrogen bonds

59
Q

why are most cells so small

A

Small cells have a large surface area to volume ratio

60
Q

which is not found as part of all cells

  1. Cell wall
  2. Dna
  3. cytoplasm
  4. ribosomes
  5. plasma membrane
A

cell wall

61
Q

in which organelle does photosyntesis occur

A

chloroplast

62
Q

which of the following cell structures would not be found in a plant cell

  1. mitochondria
  2. golgi apparatus
  3. cytoskeleton
  4. vacuole
    1. plants have all of the above
A

all of the above

63
Q

which of the following provides suppoort for the cell shape and movent in the eukaryotic cells

  1. golgi apparatus
  2. cytoskeleton
  3. exoskeleton
  4. plasma membrane
  5. centreal vacuole
A

cytoskeleton

64
Q

these containe enzymes and are the maine organelles of intacellular digestion

A

lysosomes

65
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

66
Q

describe the structure of nucleotide

A

contains phosphate a base and pentose suguar being eithert adenine guanine thymene and is that bas is either a purine or a pirimidine

67
Q

what would increase the fluidity of a membrane

A

increasing temperature increasing the ammount of fat

68
Q

ribozymes are

A

RNA catalyst

69
Q

Lipid synthesis in eukaryotes takes place in the

A

Nucleus

70
Q

which of the following can move in and out of cells by diffusion

  1. O2
  2. Lipids
  3. Carbon dioxide
  4. lipds
  5. both 1 and 2
  6. 1 2 and 3
A

ABC

71
Q

which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid

A

glycerol joined by two fatty acids and 1 phosphate containing group

72
Q

Denaturation of a protein changes the primary structure of the protein

A

false

73
Q

all lipids are

A

more solubble in non polar solvents than water

74
Q

according to the throryt of evolution

A

all organisms share a common ancesteror

75
Q

the organelles if cells can be separated from one another in order to study them this separation is called

A

Cell fractionation

76
Q

what atom is hydrogen covently boinded to when its part of a hydrogen bond

A

nitrogen or oxygen

77
Q

which of the following groups of organisms shared a common ancestor most recently

  1. bacteria and archaea
  2. bacteria and eukarya
  3. aninmals and plants
  4. archaea and eukarya
A

archaea and eukarya

78
Q

what allows comminication between animal cells

A

Gap junction

79
Q

which of the following polysaccharides contain branching

glycogen

cellulose

starch

glycogen and starch

all of the above

A

glycogen and starch

80
Q

a cross section of theis organelle containes a 9+2 pattern of microtubules

A

eukaryotic flagella or cilia

81
Q

where would you find a lot of collagen

A

extracellular matric of animal cells

82
Q

channele proteins that specifically allow the passage of water across a membrane are known as

A

aquaporins

83
Q

who proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution

A

DARWIN

84
Q

what is the name of the covalent bond that forms between two amino acids

A

peptide bond

85
Q

which of the following statments about water is not true

A

it releases a large amount of heat when changing from liquid to vapor

86
Q

facilitated diffusion and active trasport both

A

require a specific protein in the membrane

87
Q

what is the bond that form between two cysteines

A

disulfide bridge

88
Q

the cell walls of plants contain

A

cellulose

89
Q

what kind of molecule is shown

A

purine

90
Q

a molecule that acepts protons when in a solution is called

A

a base

91
Q

polymers are converted to monomers by

A

hydrolysis

92
Q
A
93
Q

how many bonds does phosphorus usually form in biologically important molecules

A

5

94
Q

which two forms of energy can be used for active transport

A

ATP and ion gradiant

95
Q

which of the following is not a monosaccharide

  1. ribose
  2. glucose
  3. sucrose
  4. fructose
  5. deoxyribose
A

deoxyribose

96
Q

which of the following containes enzymes that can hydolyze many kinds of macromolecules

  1. mitochondria
  2. golgi apparatus
  3. lysosomes
  4. ribosomes
  5. endopastic recticulum
A

lysosomes

97
Q

which of the following sorts modefies and packages newley synthesised proteins before they are sent to their final destination

A

golgi apparatus

98
Q

what scientist demonstrated that flies are not spontaneously generated by rotting meat

A

Redi

99
Q

a scientist isolates chloroplast and studies them in a test tube what kind of expiramnt is being done

A

in vitro

100
Q

what is osmosis

A

it is the diffusion of water molecules through a semipermiable membrane it occurs when the solute cannot diffuse acros the membrane

101
Q

draw alpha glucose and number all the carbon attoms

A
102
Q

describe the structure of starch in detail

A

? book

103
Q

describe the structure of the nucleotides found in Dna

A

each nucleotide has a pentose sugre deoxyribose attatched to the 5’carbon of the deoxyribose is a phospate group attatched through one of the oxygens. on the 3rd carbon a nitrogenous base is attatched either adenine thymene guanine or cytosine

104
Q

what is the quaternary structuer in proteins

A

Bio 101 Glendale college (7 decks)

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