Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
Transcription
DNA to RNA
Recessive
Allele that is displayed only if homozygous, not displayed if dominant is present(ex:ww)
Dominant
Allele that is displayed whenever it is present(ex: Ww or WW)
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism(ex: W or w)
Homozygous
Contains two copies of the same version of a gene(ex: WW or ww)
Heterozygous
Contains two different copies of a gene(ex: one wet and one dry)
Where is the sugar phosphate chain located on the DNA strand?
The backbone, the sides
In a nucleotide and a DNA strand, to what do 5’ and 3’ refer?
The location of the carbons
How are the two strands of DNA oriented, referencing 5’ to 3’?
Antiparallel, from 5’ to 3’
Silent mutation
A change to the DNA that does not change the amino acid encoded
Missense mutation
Change to the DNA that puts the wrong amino acid into the protein.
Nonsense mutation
Change to the DNA that puts a stop codon in place of a codon that would give an amino acid, creating a short(and usually nonfunctional) protein
What is the process that “reads” a strand of mRNA and makes a protein?
Translation
Where in the cell does translation occur?
Cytoplasm on ribosomes
What is a codon(number of nucleotides and location)??
3 nucleotides on mRNA that lead to an amino acid
What is an anticodon?(number of nucleotides and location)
Three nucleotides on tRNA that are complementary to the codon
What is the process that “reads” a strand of DNA and makes a strand of RNA?
Transcription
What enzyme builds the RNA?
RNA polymerase
In what direction is the RNA strand built?
5’ to 3’
How do transcription factors aid in the process of transcription?
Help RNA polymerase find the correct location on the DNA; proteins that have located and are attached to the DNA at the promoter
How many hydrogen bonds does the AT pairing have?
2
How many hydrogen bonds does the GC pairing have?
3
What is the process that “reads” a strand of DNA and makes a second strand of DNA?
DNA replication
What enzyme builds the new strand of DNA in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
In what direction is the new strand of DNA built?
5’ to 3’
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
Porus(pore) ferre(to bear)
Phylum Cnidaria
Anemones,corals,jellyfish
Knide–nettle;Sting like a nettle
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Platy(flat) helminthes(worm)
Phylum Nematoda
Roundworms
Nematos(thread) eidos(form)
Phylum Mollusca
Clams,squids,snails, etc.
Soft body
Phylum Annelida
Segmented worms(including earthworms)
Annelus(little ring)
Phylum Arthropoda
Crabs,crayfish,insects,etc.
Arthron(join)podus(foot)
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea stars(starfish),sea urchins,etc.
Echinos derma(skin) spiny
Phylum Chordata
Fish,amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Chorda(cord)
