Lab Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the common name for Dipylidium caninum?
Double-pored or cucumber seed or flea tapeworm
DH of Dipylidium caninum?
Dogs, cats, and humans sometimes
IH of Dipylidium caninum?
Fleas
What is the site of infection for Dipylidium caninum?
Adults in the small intestine
Where are the germinal pores located on Dipylidium caninum?
The pores are on the lateral margins
What is unique about the rostellum of Dipylidium caninum?
It’s retractable
What is the infective stage to the DH for Dipylidium caninum?
Ingestion of a flea containing cysticercoids
When diagnosing Dipylidium caninum, what can we look for?
Egg packets
What are the signs and pathogenicity of dipylidium caninum in heavy infections?
Chronic enteritis - abdominal discomfort and vomiting
Anal irritation may cause scooting, but most likely it would just be impacted anal glands
What is the size of a Dipylidium caninum egg packet?
120-200 microns
What is the size of an individual Dipylidium caninum?
35-60 microns
What can you see in the eggs of Dipylidium caninum?
Hexacanth embryo
Common name for Taenia spp.?
Armed tapeworm (except T. saginata)
What is the DH for Taenia?
Carnivores
What is the IH for Taenia?
Vertebrate prey species
Site of infection for Taenia spp.?
Adults in small intestine
Metacestodes in a variety of organs and tissues in IH
Identification of Taenia?
Proglottids in the feces or attached to the hair coat
- the proglottids are more or less rectangular
- they have a single genital pore
Can you find Taenia eggs in feces?
Yes, but the proglottid has to rupture first
What does a Taenia egg look like?
25-40 microns in diameter Brown with thick shell wall Radial striations in the shell wall Contains hexacanth embryo Spherical
Anoplocephala perfoliata DH?
Equine
Anoplocephala perfoliata IH?
Oribatid mites
Location of Anoplocephala perfoliata in equine?
Cecum at the ileocecal junction
Does Anoplocephala perfoliata have a rostellum?
No, it has larger suckers in order to compensate
What stage of Anoplocephala perfoliata is infective to a horse?
They ingest a mite with a cysticercoid
What is an easy way to identify an adult Anoplocephala perfoliata?
The lappets under the scolex
What does a mite need to ingest in order to progress the life cycle of Anoplocephala perfoliata?
An egg containing a hexacanth embryo
What are common clinical signs of Anoplocephala perfoliata?
Persistent diarrhea, intussusception (ileum goes into the cecum) and colic
What is the pathogenicity of Anoplocephala perfoliata?
It interferes with the function of ileocecal valve through ulceration and inflammation
What is the preferred diagnostic test for Anoplocephala perfoliata?
ELISA test
Why is a single negative test not diagnostic for Anoplocephala perfoliata?
The eggs are not always found during flotation. They’re irregularly produced and the proglottid has to rupture
Describe an Anoplocephala perfoliata egg.
65-80 microns in diameter
Irregularly shaped with round corners
Contains a pyriform apparatus with a hexacanth embryo
What is an mnemonic for the basic lifecycle of Order Digenea?
Every - Month - She - Really - Can - Menstruate - Abundantly
Egg - Miracidium - Sporocyst - Redia - Cercaria - Metacercaria - Adult
What is the common name for Fasciola hepatica?
Liver fluke - liver rot in sheep
What is the DH for Fasciola hepatica?
Sheep, cattle, goats, and other ruminants
What is the IH for Fasciola hepatica?
Aquatic snails
What is the site of infection for Fasciola hepatica?
Adults in bile ducts
Immatures migrate throughout the liver parenchyma
What is considered the most common liver fluke in domestic animals in the US?
Fasciola hepatica
Are the eggs of Fasciola hepatica immediately infective when passed in the feces?
No
What stage of Fasciola hepatica will an aquatic snail (IH) ingest to further the LC?
Miracidia
What stage of Fasciola hepatica is infective to the DH?
Metacercariae (ingestion of infected vegetation)
Does Fasciola hepatica need to be in the water to survive?
No, it can be on the waters edge
What is the pathogenicity of immature Fasciola hepatica?
Necrosis and anemia due to migration and feeding of the immature flukes through the liver parenchyma
What can migration of Fasciola hepatica cause?
Replication of Clostridium novyi
What is the pathogenicity of adult Fasciola hepatica?
Anemai and thickening of the bile ducts to feeding of adult trematodes
Describe an adult Fasciola hepatica.
Up to 3 cm, leaf-like, brownish
Broader anterior than posterior
Anterior cone-shaped projection with oral sucker
Also has a ventral sucker
Describe a Fasciola hepatica egg.
130-150 microns by 63-90 microns
yellowish-brown
indistinct operculum
What is the preferred diagnostic method for finding Fasciola hepatica?
Fecal sedimentation or FlukeFinder is preferred
- undifferentiated embryo makes them heavier
What is the common name for Giardia duodenalis?
Giardiasis or beaver fever