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Parasitology > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Primates

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Ameoba pathogenic to primates

Infection in liver and brain can be fatal

Four (4) nuclei is diagnostic

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2
Q

Human

A

Entamoeba coli

Eight nuclei

Larger size than E. histolytica

NON-pathogenic

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3
Q

All animals + humans

A

Naegleria fowleri

Large dark nuclear endosome is diagnostic

Brain infection from swimming in hot water

Infects all animals + humans

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4
Q

Animals + humans

A

Giardia sp.

Trophozoite stage (rare in feces)

Tear drop shap and two nuclei

Remember zinc sulfate soolution

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5
Q

Animals + humans

A

Giardia sp.

Cyst stage

Four nuclei (only 3 may be visible)

More common in feces

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6
Q

Cattle

A

Trichomonas foetus

Undulating membrane is diagnostic

Direct smear of preputial wash from bull

Causes abortions in cattle

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7
Q

Chickens & turkeys

A

Histomonas meleagridis

Round parasite with central nuclei

Large space between parasite and host = diagnostic

Infects turkeys

Heterakis is a transport host (nematode)

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8
Q

Swine and humans

A

Balantidium coli

Trophozoite stage

Harmelss commensal of swine intestine

Pathogenic in humans (primates)

Pear shaped

Macro and micro nulcei plus cilia

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9
Q

Swine and humans

A

Balantidium coli

Cyst stage

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10
Q

Fish

A

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Trophozoite stage

Horse-shoe macromucleus

“White spot” in fish

T. stage lives in galleries in the epithelium

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11
Q

Fish

A

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Infective stage = tomite or swarmer

Red stained both macro and micro nucleui

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12
Q

Rabbits

A

Nosema cuniculi

Dark stainging spores!

Gram positive staining

Infects rabbits

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13
Q

Chickens

A

Eimeria tenella

Major coccida of chickens

Infection of cecum

Note: Schizonts containing merozoites (bananas)

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14
Q

Chickens

A

Eimeria tenella

Chicken cecum

Note: bloody casts

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15
Q

Cattle

A

Eimeria bovis

Left: unsporulated oocyst

Right: sporulated oocyst

4 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites each

Highly pathogenic bovine coccidia

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16
Q

Goose kidney

Coccida

A

Eimeria truncata

Infects goose kidney

Ocysts in urine!

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17
Q

Rabbits

A

Eimeria stiedai

Infects rabbits

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18
Q

Swine

Coccidia

A

Isospora suis

Most pathogenic coccida of swine

2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each!

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19
Q

Eimeria versus Isospora

A

Eimeria: cattle and poultry

4/2

4 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites each

Isospora: dogs and cats

2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each

Swine and humans = both are infective

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20
Q

Mouse abdominal fluid

A

Toxoplasma gondii

Motile tachyzoites

DH: cat

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21
Q

Mouse brain

A

Toxoplasma gondii

Cyst with bradyzoites

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22
Q

Duck muscle

A

Sarcocystis sp.

Rice grains in muscle = sarcocysts

Duck is IH

DH are carnivores

Thin walled sporulated sporocyst in fecal float

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23
Q

All mammals

DMSO carbol fuschin stain

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

Pink stained oocysts

Small oocysts

4-8 naked sporozoites in fresh feces = NO sporocyst

Does not need to sporulated to be infective

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24
Q

All mammals

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

Oocysts on villi of small intestine

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25
Q

Humans

A

Plasmodium vivax

Human malaria

Ring stage in RBC with jewel and ring

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26
Q

Birds

A

Haemoproteus columbae

Pigeon

Blue staining on one side of RBC

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27
Q

Turkey

A

Leucocytozoon smithi

Parastized WBCs

Transmitted by black flies (fast water)

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28
Q

Turkey

A

Leucocytozoon sp.

Cracked appearance of cytomeres in the schizont

= Megaloschizonts

Black fly (Simulium sp.) in the vector

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29
Q

Dogs

A

Babesia canis

Tear-drop shape in RBCs

Vector: brown dog tick

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30
Q

Bovids

A

Theileria parva

Pleomorphic: varies in shape

Infects cattle (Africa)

DH: Ixodid (hard) ticks

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31
Q

Bovids

A

Theileria parva

Koch’s blue bodies = schizonts of Theileria

Inside macrophages

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32
Q

What characterizes flukes?

A
  1. Flat
  2. Suckers (acetabula)
  3. Blind gut = no anus
  4. Tegumant
  5. Hermaphroditic = monoecious
  6. No body cavity
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33
Q

Cattle, sheep & humans

A

Fasciola hepatica

Common liver fluke of sheep adn cattle

Cepalic cone = diagnostic

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34
Q

Cattle, sheep & humans

A

Fasciola hepatica

Large, amber colored eggs

Need fluke finder!

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35
Q

Cattle, sheep & humans

A

Fasciola hepatica

Miracidia

Penetrates snail (IH)

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36
Q

Cattle, sheep & humans

A

Fasciola hepatica

Lymnid snails

Intermediate hosts

Drainage ditches

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37
Q

Cattle, sheep & humans

A

Fasciola hepatica

Cercaria

Emerges from the snail

Encysts as metacercaria on vegetation

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38
Q

White tailed deer

A

Fasciola magna

NO cephalic cone!

Branched organs

DH: white tailed deer

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39
Q

Cattle & sheep

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Lancet fluke

Parasitizes bile ducts esp. sheep

WIll NOT float

Not in MN

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40
Q

Cattle & sheep

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Egg

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41
Q

Mink, dog, cat + humans

A

Paragonimus sp.

Lung fluke of mink, dog and cat

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42
Q

Mink, dog, cat + humans

A

Paragonimus sp.

Egg

Dark amber

Flattened on one side

Septum or feces!

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43
Q

Fish eating carnivores (dog)

A

Nanophyetus salmincola

Salmon poisoning fluke

Harbors Neorickettsia bacteria

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44
Q

Carnivores (dog)

A

Alaria sp.

Surface of small intestine

Carnivore eats frog or snake

Most common fluke seen in dog feces in MN!!!

Yellow large eggs

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45
Q

Chickens

A

Prosthogonimus sp.

Fluke of oviduct of fowl

Can show up in chicken eggs!

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46
Q

Birds

A

Echinostoma sp.

Flukes of birds and mammals

Spiny collar!!!

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47
Q

Birds and humans

A

Avian Schistosome

Swimmer itch

Cercaria

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48
Q

Fish

A

Black spot

Fluke metacercaria

Fish = IH

DH = belted kingfisher

No risk to humans

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49
Q

Insects

A

Horsehair worm

Freeliving stage of insect parasite

NOT nematodes

Pet may vomit after eating grasshopper

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50
Q

Tapeworm characteristics

A
  1. Flat
  2. Suckers
  3. Segmented!
  4. No gut
  5. Tegument
  6. Hermaphroditic
  7. No body cavity
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51
Q

Dog and cat

A

Tapeworms

Cyclophyllidean eggs

Hexicanth larvae are present in egg immediatly

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52
Q

Cats and dogs

A

Pseudophyllidean eggs

Tapeworms

Look just like fluke eggs when laid

Need time to develop hexacanth larvae

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53
Q

Which cestode life stage is most patogenic?

A

Larval stage

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54
Q

Humans, bears and dogs

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Pseudophyllideans (incubation)

LACKS suckers!

Infects humans, bears and dogs

Risk when eating raw fish

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55
Q

Predator-prey

A

Taenia sp.

Cyclophyllideans (larvated eggs)

Radially striated shell

Eggs in segments difficult to see on a fecal

Motile rice grains near anus!!!

Predator eats prey with muscle cysts

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56
Q

Predator-prey

A

Taenia sp. scolex

4 sucker and 2 circles of hooklets = scolex

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57
Q

Predator-prey

A

Taenia sp.

Mature segment

SINGLE lateral pore

58
Q

What is the DH and IH of Dipylidium caninum?

A

Dipylidium caninum

DH = dogs & cats

IH = flea

Fleas are swallowed

59
Q

Dogs & cats

A

Dipylidium caninum

Scolex

Retractable rostellum with severl rows of hooklets

60
Q

Dogs & cats

A

Dipylidium caninum

Segment has 2 laterla pores!!!

61
Q

Dogs & cats

A

Dipylidium caninum

Eggs are in packets!!!

62
Q

Dog, horse and human

A

Echinococcus granulosis

Much smaller than Taenia worms

Eggs are are a public health risk!!! Hydatid cyst

Common in MN in wild canids (nonpathogenic)

63
Q

Dog, horse and human

A

Echinococcus granulosis

Hydatid cysts!!!

Larval stage = protoscolices

64
Q

Horses

A

Anoplocephala sp.

Infects horses!

Eggs = pyriform aparatus

Shape = square, triangular or circular

65
Q

Cattle

A

Moniezia sp.

Infects ruminants

Looong adult worms

66
Q

All animals

A

Ascarids

3 lips on head = Ascarid

Only found in the small intestine!

67
Q

Horses

A

Parascaris equorum

Egg in feces

Worms in small intestine

Note: orange brown protein coat & granular texture

“Summer colds” in foals

68
Q

Dogs

A

Toxocara canis

Infects only dogs

Eggs: golfball pitting (rough); large embryo

69
Q

Dogs & cats

A

Toxascaris leonina

Infects both dogs & cats

Egg: lacks thick protein coat

70
Q

Racoon, dog and human

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

Racoon ascarid

Can infect dogs

Zoonotic risk!

Eggs: lack protein coat; smaller

71
Q

Swine and humans

A

Ascaris suum

Common ascarid of swine

Zoonotic risk

Milk spots on liver = migration scars

72
Q

Horses

A

Oxyuris equi

Common pinworm of horses

Eggs: elongated, one side flattened, cap

73
Q

Pinworm of Chickens

A

Heterakis gallinarum

Common pinworm of chickens

Transports Histomonas meleagridis protozoa

74
Q

Strongylida order

What infects which species?

A

Horses = strongyles

Ruminants = Trichostrongyles

Carnivores = Hookworms

All species = metastrongylid lungworms

75
Q

What are Strongyle type eggs? What is special about the male worms?

A

Morula eggs

Males have a large fleshy bursa = circular ray

76
Q

All aminals

A

Strongyle type egg

77
Q

Hemorrhagic aneurysm in the anterior mesenteric artery

A

Strongylus vulgaris

Most pathogenic of 3 large strongyles in horses

They are differentiated by the buccal capsule

78
Q

How are small strongyles different from large strongyles?

A

Small strongyles

Lack buccal capsule

Eggs are same as large strongyles

79
Q

What is the HOT complex?

A

Pathogenic Trichostrongylids

  1. Haemonchus
  2. Ostertagia
  3. Trichostrongylus
80
Q

Sheep

A

Haemonchus contortus

Voracious blood feeder in abomasum

ANEMIA!

Barberpole worm

81
Q
A

Strongylid bursa

Note amber colored spicules

Organ only on the male!

82
Q

What do hookworms have?

A

Teeth!

83
Q

Dogs and canids (cats rare)

A

Ancylostoma caninum

Two plates with 3 teeth each

84
Q

Dogs and canids (cats rare)

A

Ancylostoma caninum

Eggs

You know they are hookworm eggs because no other strongylids infect dogs & cats

85
Q

Poultry

A

Syngamus trachea

Egg: strongyle type egg with bipolar plugs!!!

Diagnostic feature

86
Q

Poultry

A

Syngamus trachea

87
Q

All animals

A

Spirurids

Egg: THIN shell does NOT float well!

ALL use arthropod IHs!

88
Q

All animals

A

Thelazia ssp.

T. lacrymalis = horses

T. californiensis = dogs, cats, sheep, deer, humans

89
Q

Esopageal worm of canids

A

Spirocerca lupi

Esopageal worm of canids

90
Q

Horses

A

Habronema ssp.

Horses

Also make fibrous tumors in the stomach

91
Q

Swine

A

Ascarops sp.

Thick stomach worm of swine

Note: sprial supports around pharynx

92
Q

Humans, dogs, pigs, cattle

A

Trichuris sp.

“Whipworms”

Bloody diarrhea!

Humans, dogs, pigs, cattle

93
Q

Humans, dogs, pigs, cattle

A

Trichuris sp.

Egg: smooth, amber colored, bipolar plugs

Cat = Capillaria (no whipworms in cats in NA)

94
Q

Dogs, cats, birds

A

Capillaria spp.

Feces, urine or sputum

Very similar to Trichuris

*Smaller, less colorful, more barrel-shaped

Textured protein coat!!!

95
Q

Swine

A

Trichinella spiralis

Swine muscle cysts

96
Q

Dog and other canids

A

Dioctophyma renale

Dog infected after eating fish

Infects RIGHT kidney

97
Q

Dogs and other canids

A

Dioctophyma renale

Large textured eggs

Found in urine

98
Q

All animals

A

Strongyloides ssp.

Free living nematides

Pinworms!

Can parasitize skin

Lactogenic transmission

99
Q

All animals

A

Strongyloides ssp.

Larvated egg

100
Q

Rhabditic dermatitis on a dog?

A

Peloderma strongyloides

101
Q

Swine

A

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

102
Q

Swine

A

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

NOT a nematode!

103
Q

Runinats and horses

A

Dictyocaulus ssp.

Lungworm

Larvated egg in fecal

Baermann procedure

104
Q

Deer

A

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

Larvae are coughed up and passes in feces

NOT a lungworm

105
Q

Swine

A

Metastrongylus spp.

Swine lungworm

Earthworm intermediate host

Larvated egg

106
Q

Ruminants

A

Muellerius capillaris

Hair lungworm of ruminants

Found in standard fecals

107
Q

Canids

A

Filaroides osleri

Larvae in feces or saliva

Note: brown nodules in trachea

108
Q

What type of worm is this?

A

Filarids

Male worm has spiral tail

ALL have arthropod IHs

109
Q

Dog

A

Dirofilaria immitis

RIGHT ventricle

Adult heartworms

Remember male has coiled tail

110
Q

Dog

A

Dirofilaria immitis

Microfilaria

Knott’s test

Straight body & tail

111
Q

Dog

A

Dirofilaria immitis

Microfilaria in hematocrit tube

NOT reliable dignostic procedure

112
Q

Dog

A

Acanthocheilonema reconditum

NON-pathogenic microfilaria

Note: hooked tail!

113
Q

Bovine peritoneum

A

Setaria sp.

“Sheathed” microfilaria

IH: mosquito

114
Q

Otter

A

Dracunculus insignis

Racoons and dogs too

Note: long thin tail is diagnostic

115
Q

All animals

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

Causes carcoptic mange

  1. V-shaped scales on dorsum
  2. Long UNsegmented pedicules

Suckers = caruncles

116
Q

Birds

A

Cnemidocoptes spp.

Infests birds

Note: Very round shape; spherical

Disease in legs and beaks

117
Q

Rabbits

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

Rabbit ear mite

  1. ALL 4 legs are long
  2. Long segmented pedicle
118
Q

Cattle (ruminants) and horses

A

Chorioptes bovis

  1. Short UNsegemented pedicules
  2. Hind end lesions
119
Q

Dogs and cats

A

Otodectes cynotis

Ear mite of dogs and cats

  1. Pedicles are short and UNsegmented
120
Q

All animals

A

Cheyletiella spp.

Scaly dermatitis

  1. Fang-like claws!
121
Q

All animals

A

Demodex spp.

Lives in sebaceous glands

Tube-shaped

122
Q

All animals

A

Mallophaga

“Chewing lice”

NOT affected by systemic insecticides

123
Q

All animals

A

Phthiraptera

“Sucking lice”

  1. Elongated head

Suck blood

124
Q

All animals

A

Nit

Louse egg

125
Q

Cats and dogs

A

Ctenocephalides felis

Common flea of cats and dogs

  1. Pronotal combs
  2. Genal combs
126
Q

Cats and dogs

A

Ctenocephalides larvae

Common flea larvae

  1. Long hairs
  2. Short antennae-like structures at pointed end
127
Q

Horses

A

Gasterophilus spp.

Stomach bot of horses

  1. Rings of spines
  2. Posterior spiracles
128
Q

Horses

A

Gasterophilus spp.

Adult fly

129
Q

Horse

A

Gasterophilus spp.

Egg

130
Q

Sheep nasal bot?

A

Oestrus ovis

131
Q

Cattle

A

Hypoderma spp.

Cattle bot or Ox warble

3rd stage larvae on the backs of cattle

132
Q

Cattle

A

Hypoderma spp. fly

Ox warble

133
Q

Burrowing rodents

A

Cuterebra sp.

Rodents

Accidental = cats and dogs

134
Q

Burrowing rodents

A

Cuterebra sp.

Adult fly

135
Q

Sheep

A

Melophagus ovinus

“Sheep ked”

Wingless fly

3 legs = insect!!!

136
Q

Not a parasite

A

Musca domestica

  1. Delicate venation
  2. Single pair of wings
137
Q

What two organs do ticks have that set them apart from mites?

A
  1. Haller’s organ (end of claw)
  2. Toothed Hypostome (mouth)
138
Q
A

Dermacentor variabilis

Amican dog tick or wood tick

Most common tick in MN

  1. Short mouth parts
  2. Male has ornate dorsum
139
Q

Dogs & cats

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Brown dog tick

Can be found in winter living in homes

140
Q

All animals

A

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

  1. Long mouth parts
  2. Anal groove = horseshoe shape
141
Q

Horses, dogs, bision, other mamamals

A

Otobius megnini

Spinose ear tick = SOFT tick

Most common soft tick in USA

  1. Spines
  2. Violin shape

Only nymph feeds

142
Q
A

Parasitology (5 decks)

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