lab exam Flashcards
nucleus
contains DNA or genetic material which is responsible for the instructions of the cell
chromatin
uncondensed form of DNA and spread out
nucleolus
where ribosomes are made
ribosomes
synthesizes protein
cytoplasm
jelly-like substance
rough ER
has ribosomes attached
smooth ER
synthesise liipids, phospholipids and steroids
golgi complex
consist of cis face and trans face, receives vesicles of proteins from ER and sends them out to proper destination and modifies into different groups
centrosome
made up of 2 centrioles and point of origin of the mitotic spindle
cytoskeleton
made up of microtubles (cilia, flagella), microfilaments (movement of within cell), intermediate filaments (structural support),
what is cilia and flagella
cilia is the hair-like outside cells to sweep substances
flagella tail-like outside cell to move
mitotic spindles
used for chromatid separation to opposite poles
microvilli
hair-like on surface of cells, increases surface area, for absorption
mitochondria
2 membranes inner and outer, cristae inside inner membrane, generates ATP
nuclear envelope
contains pores for ribosomes and RNA
protects DNA
explain the steps of interphase
During G1 (1st Gap phase), the cell grows and conducts normal cellular functions.
The cell also prepares for cell division by duplicating most of the organelles and other
cytoplasmic materials.
b) During the S phase (synthesis) of interphase, DNA is replicated.
c) During G2 (2nd Gap phase) Enzymes and other proteins that will aid in mitosis are
produced, and centriole replication is completed.
what kind of cells enter G0 PHASE
muscle and neuron cells
location of simple squamous cells
and function
Lines blood and lymphatic vessels, alveoli, glomerular
capsule, inner surface of tympanic membrane, and forms serous
membranes.
thinness allows passage of materials by diffusion and
filtration in areas where protection is not important; secretes
serous fluid within serous membranes.
location of simple cubidal cells and function
glandular tissue and kidney, bronchioles in lungs
protection and absorption and secretion
location of simple columnar cells and function
stomach and intestine
absorption
location fo pseudostratified cilated columnar cells and functions
respiratory tract and help transport particiles
stratified squamous cells
layer of skin epidermis, lining mouth and vagina.
urothelium
urinary structures
central canal
houses nerves and blood vessels
concentric lamellae
calcified matrix of ground substance
lacunae
small spaces in bone tissues with osteocytes
canaliculi
small canals for communication and nutrients between lacunae
osteocyte
maintaining bone matrix
trabeculae
in spongy bone and for strength and support
How do osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to maintain the skeletal
osteoblasts make new bone tissue, osteoclasts break down old ones, and the osteocytes maintain mature bone tissue
Name three of the areas in the skeleton where spongy bone tissue is found.
ribs, shoulder blades, and flat bones of skull
State four of the functions of the skeletal system:
gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.
What type of tissue forms the costal cartilages?
hyaline cartilage
Which pair of bones articulates to allow you to nod your head “yes”?
atlas and occipital bone
Which bones allow you to rotate your head from side to side to indicate “no”?
atlas and axis
sternum
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
periosteum covers what
the whole bone surface
medullary cavity
houses yellow marrow in the diaphysis
endosteum
lines the medullary cavity
Name the bones that make up the hard palate.
maxilla and palatine
List the bones that form the nasal septum.
ethmoid bone and vomer
What bones form the zygomatic arch?
temporal bone and zygomatic bone
Give two functions of the paranasal sinuses.
increase resonance of speech and heating inhaled air
What important muscle is attached to the hyoid?
