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lab exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

nucleus

A

contains DNA or genetic material which is responsible for the instructions of the cell

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2
Q

chromatin

A

uncondensed form of DNA and spread out

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3
Q

nucleolus

A

where ribosomes are made

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4
Q

ribosomes

A

synthesizes protein

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly-like substance

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6
Q

rough ER

A

has ribosomes attached

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7
Q

smooth ER

A

synthesise liipids, phospholipids and steroids

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8
Q

golgi complex

A

consist of cis face and trans face, receives vesicles of proteins from ER and sends them out to proper destination and modifies into different groups

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9
Q

centrosome

A

made up of 2 centrioles and point of origin of the mitotic spindle

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10
Q

cytoskeleton

A

made up of microtubles (cilia, flagella), microfilaments (movement of within cell), intermediate filaments (structural support),

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11
Q

what is cilia and flagella

A

cilia is the hair-like outside cells to sweep substances
flagella tail-like outside cell to move

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12
Q

mitotic spindles

A

used for chromatid separation to opposite poles

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13
Q

microvilli

A

hair-like on surface of cells, increases surface area, for absorption

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14
Q

mitochondria

A

2 membranes inner and outer, cristae inside inner membrane, generates ATP

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15
Q

nuclear envelope

A

contains pores for ribosomes and RNA
protects DNA

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16
Q

explain the steps of interphase

A

During G1 (1st Gap phase), the cell grows and conducts normal cellular functions.
The cell also prepares for cell division by duplicating most of the organelles and other
cytoplasmic materials.
b) During the S phase (synthesis) of interphase, DNA is replicated.
c) During G2 (2nd Gap phase) Enzymes and other proteins that will aid in mitosis are
produced, and centriole replication is completed.

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17
Q

what kind of cells enter G0 PHASE

A

muscle and neuron cells

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18
Q

location of simple squamous cells
and function

A

Lines blood and lymphatic vessels, alveoli, glomerular
capsule, inner surface of tympanic membrane, and forms serous
membranes.
thinness allows passage of materials by diffusion and
filtration in areas where protection is not important; secretes
serous fluid within serous membranes.

19
Q

location of simple cubidal cells and function

A

glandular tissue and kidney, bronchioles in lungs
protection and absorption and secretion

20
Q

location of simple columnar cells and function

A

stomach and intestine
absorption

21
Q

location fo pseudostratified cilated columnar cells and functions

A

respiratory tract and help transport particiles

22
Q

stratified squamous cells

A

layer of skin epidermis, lining mouth and vagina.

23
Q

urothelium

A

urinary structures

24
Q

central canal

A

houses nerves and blood vessels

25
Q

concentric lamellae

A

calcified matrix of ground substance

26
Q

lacunae

A

small spaces in bone tissues with osteocytes

27
Q

canaliculi

A

small canals for communication and nutrients between lacunae

28
Q

osteocyte

A

maintaining bone matrix

29
Q

trabeculae

A

in spongy bone and for strength and support

30
Q

How do osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to maintain the skeletal

A

osteoblasts make new bone tissue, osteoclasts break down old ones, and the osteocytes maintain mature bone tissue

31
Q

Name three of the areas in the skeleton where spongy bone tissue is found.

A

ribs, shoulder blades, and flat bones of skull

32
Q

State four of the functions of the skeletal system:

A

gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

33
Q

What type of tissue forms the costal cartilages?

A

hyaline cartilage

34
Q

Which pair of bones articulates to allow you to nod your head “yes”?

A

atlas and occipital bone

35
Q

Which bones allow you to rotate your head from side to side to indicate “no”?

A

atlas and axis

36
Q

sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

37
Q

periosteum covers what

A

the whole bone surface

38
Q

medullary cavity

A

houses yellow marrow in the diaphysis

39
Q

endosteum

A

lines the medullary cavity

40
Q

Name the bones that make up the hard palate.

A

maxilla and palatine

41
Q

List the bones that form the nasal septum.

A

ethmoid bone and vomer

42
Q

What bones form the zygomatic arch?

A

temporal bone and zygomatic bone

43
Q

Give two functions of the paranasal sinuses.

A

increase resonance of speech and heating inhaled air

44
Q

What important muscle is attached to the hyoid?

A

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