Lab Exam #1 Flashcards
microvili (CM)
finger-like projections coming off the surface. help w/ absorption
golgi apparatus (CM)
redish orangey structure found on the CM. looks like a glob almost. has small dots (vesicles) around it. think of it as the nickelodeon sign
smooth ER (CM)
dark blue structures on the CM. looks like a maze almost. its smooth
rough ER and ribosomes (CM)
dark blue glob on the left to the nucleus. contains a rough surface where the orange rough ER is located
lysosomes (CM)
small yellow dots on the CM. one is under the rough ER
peroxisome (CM)
bigger than lysosomes. white in color, also by the yellow lysosome on the cell floor
cell membrane (CM)
the outside of the cell
nucleus (CM)
purple sphere located in the middle of the cell body/model
nucleolus (CM)
smaller purple structure located inside the nucleus.
centrioles (CM)
small yellow figures on the CM that kinda look like a starfruit
3 types of fibers in connective tissue
reticular, collage, elastic
reticular
fine fibers that form a net
elastic
stretchy fibers that are found mostly in cartilage, ligaments, and areolar tissue
collagen
-most common protein in the body. “ropelike” and is not stretchy
-appears wavy in tissues
what are the 4 tissue groups
nervous, epithelial, muscle, connective
epithelial tissue covers mostly what
sheets of cells that mostly cover skin and lining of tubes
characteristics of epithelial tissues
they’re in layers
-squamous, cuboidal, or columnar (can tell by nucleus)
-simple or stratified
squamous epithelial tissue cells
-long, wide, skinny, flat
-oval shaped nucleus is stretched out with it
cuboidal epithelial tissue cells
-nucleus is round, perf. circle
-the cell membrane resembles a cube
columnar epithelial tissue cells
-cell membrane looks like a tall rectangle, resembles a column
-nucleus is long
simple epithelial tissue
-extremely thin, consists of one layer
stratified epithelial tissue
-two or more layers of cells
-thick
apical surface (epithelial)
-free, exposed surface of the epithelial cell
-faces external environment or lumen of a body cavity
lumen (epithelial)
open space of the cell that can look like a tube
how do you name an epithelial cell
by its apical surface
basement membrane (epithelial)
-lines OUTSIDE of cell
-on the outermost part by the cells, farthest to the lumen
psuedostratified (epithelial)
-“falsely stratified”
-appears to be multiple layers/cells appear to be stacked (but aren’t)
-cells are different height which makes it seem stratified
-pseudostratified ALWAYS contains cilia
-goblet cells are in pseudostratified cells that produce MUCUS
-think of pseudostratified to be in the throat
goblet cells
-pseudostratified will always contain goblet cells, but goblet cells can appear in other types as well
-grainy, bigger, white looking
transitional tissue (epithelial)
the apical surface appears to look “pillowy”
-indicator is/are cells that have two nuclei
what is something that distinguishes epithelial tissue from other tissues
contains an apical surface/free surface
what separates WBC from RBC (connective)
WBC contain a visible nucleus (looks blueish in microscope pics) and RBC do not, instead look like a donut (looks white in microscope pics)
platelets (connective)
small little dots significantly smaller than WBCs and RBCs
bone cells (connective)
-contain osteocyte (bone cell)
-lacuna (cavity)
-central canal
reticular tissue (connective)
-contains group of cells that have white circles (WBCs) which are gathered into a group of area by reticular fibers
-fibers form “net”
-almost look like a cherry blossom
areolar tissue (connective)
-contain fibroblasts which make elastic and collagen fibers
-contains mast cells that make chemicals for the body
-branches are thinner and “flowers” are thinner
difference in areolar and reticular tissues (connective)
-two diff types of fibers
-areolar contains collagen and elastic fibers
adipose tissue (connective)
-fatty tissue
-cells appear very large and tightly compacted
-cells are called adipocytes
hyaline cartilage tissue (connective)
-hyal = clear/glossy
-contains a visible lacuna and a chondrocyte that is mistaken for a nucleus
-contains no fibers, just water
elastic cartilage (connective)
-contains elastic fibers between the lacuna & chondrocyte
fibrocartilage (connective)
-contains collagen between the lacuna & chondrocytes
-appears wavy (collagen)
dense regular (connective)
-appears very wavy (contains collagen)
-contains fibroblasts
-running in straight rows, looks like spaghetti or lasagna
-dense b/c the collagen fibers are compact in this tissue
-regular b/c they run in regular, straight rows
dense irregular (connective)
-collagen fibers are NOT in straight rows, unlike dense regular
-collagen fibers are wound up like a rope
-swirls make a dense irregular tissue distinguishable
what are the 3 diff muscle tissues
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal (muscle)
-long cells with stripes (striations)
cardiac (muscle)
-also contains striations
-cardiac muscle contains bigger, thicker dark lines that are called intercalated discs
-the intercalated discs separate the cardiac muscles from each other
smooth (muscle)
-goes around tubes in two layers
-both muscles are going in diff directions (think of a toilet paper roll and some thread wrapping over the height and some thread wrapping around the width/circumference)
nervous tissue
contains neurons, nucleus, and support cells
-neuron is the name of the CELL
-nucleus is inside the neuron
-support cells are around the neuron. also called glial cells
interphase
-the nucleus is visible
-single, intact cell
-centrioles visible
-INTER my single dome
prophase
-nucleus has disappeared
-chromosomes have become visible
-spindles begin to form around the centriole
-PROOF! my nucleus is gone and chaos has erupted
metaphase
-spindles push chromosomes to middle of cell
-my chromosomes have META goal to get in the middle
anaphase
-chromosomes have been pulled apart by spindles
-ANA i oop- now there’s two in one
telophase
-cell starts pinching in half
-nucleus starts to reform
-if spindle is still visible, cell is in telophase
-TEL the nucleus to come back-there’s 2 of us
