Lab Exam 1

Question 1

cell membranes regulate transport of molecules of some substances while preventing movement of others (dependent on temperature, osmolarity, molecule size, molecule charge, etc.)

Answer 1

selective permeability

Question 2

the substance being dissolved

Answer 2

solute

Question 3

the substance that solute is being dissolved in

Answer 3

solvent

Question 4

requires energy (ATP) to power transport mediated by transport proteins (aka pumps)

Answer 4

active transport

Question 5

does not require energy; transport driven by concentration or pressure gradient (differences) between the inside and outside of the cell

Answer 5

passive transport

Question 6

diffusion of solute particles

Answer 6

simple diffusion

Question 7

diffusion of solute particles with a carrier protein

Answer 7

facilitated diffusion

Question 8

diffusion of solvent / water particles

Answer 8

osmosis

Question 9

occurs across capillary walls; driving force = pressure gradient

Answer 9

filtration

Question 10

a protein molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product; specific for 1 substrate

Answer 10

enzyme

Question 11

minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction

Answer 11

activation energy

Question 12

the substance on which an enzyme acts

Answer 12

substrate

Question 13

the substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

Answer 13

product

Question 14

specific area on the enzyme that interacts with substrate

Answer 14

active site

Question 15

the functional unit of the nervous system; information messenger of the nervous system

Answer 15

neuron

Question 16

receiving region

Answer 16

dendrites

Question 17

conducting region

Answer 17

axon

Question 18

secretory (output) region

Answer 18

axon terminals

Question 19

a temporary shift in the neuron’s membrane potential caused by a sudden influx / efflux of ions

Answer 19

action potential

Question 20

changes in membrane potential that vary in size but are too small to be propagated along the cell (like an AP); decline with distance

Answer 20

graded potential

Question 21

electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane in a non-excited state (-70 mV)

Answer 21

resting membrane potential

Question 22

an atom with an electrical charge due to the fact that it has more electrons than protons (negative charge) or fewer electrons than protons (positive charge)

Answer 22

ion

Question 23

voltage at which you first observe an action potential (-55 mV)

Answer 23

threshold

Question 24

monomers of triglycerides

Answer 24

glycerol + 3 FA or mono glycerol + 2 FA

Question 25

monomers of proteins

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

monomers of starch

Answer 26

glucose

Question 27

breaks down food molecules with the addition of water to cleave bonds

Answer 27

hydrolase

Question 28

spans phase 1 and half of 2; 2nd action potential cannot occur

Answer 28

absolute refractory period

Question 29

occurs immediately after refractory period (end of repolarization); a second action potential can be generated with a greater than normal stimulus

Answer 29

relative refractory period

Question 30

Pacinian corpuscle stimulus

Answer 30

deep pressure

Question 31

Free-nerve endings stimulus

Answer 31

high heat

Question 32

detects the presence of monosaccharides (glucose) and disaccharides (maltose); blue - green - orange - reddish brown

Answer 32

Benedict's test

Question 33

(potassium iodide) detects the presence of starch Caramel color —> blue/black in the presence of starch and cellulose


Answer 33

IKI assay

Question 34

synthetic substrate of the enzyme pepsin (Colorless) —> pepsin —> polypeptides + amino acids Deeper yellow color = more amino acids present (measured by optical density)


Answer 34

BAPNA / optical density test

Question 35

Olfactory receptors stimulus

Answer 35

chemicals