endocrine system

Question 1

endocrine glands

Answer 1

ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood; controlled by nervous system

Question 2

adenohypophysis

Answer 2

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 3

growth hormone (a)

Answer 3

regulates mitosis & growth of body cells
GHRH - growth hormone releasing hormone which targets this leading to growth of body cells and puberty

Question 4

thyroid stimulating hormone (a)

Answer 4

controls thyroid activity

Question 5

adrenocorticotropic hormone (a)

Answer 5

controls activity of adrenal cortex
CRH targets this which also targets adrenal gland to release cortisol

Question 6

Follicle-stimulating hormone (a)

Answer 6

stimulates oogenesis and spermatogenesis

Question 7

luteinizing hormone (a)

Answer 7

stimulates release of male and female sex hormones

Question 8

prolactin (a)

Answer 8

milk production

Question 9

melanocyte stimulating hormone (a)

Answer 9

releases melanin causing darkening of skin

Question 10

neurohypophysis

Answer 10

posterior lobe

Question 11

oxytocin (n)

Answer 11

causes uterine contractions during labor and milk release during suckling

Question 12

antidiuretic hormone (n)

Answer 12

inhibits urine formation

Question 13

thyroid

Answer 13

bilobed, just below larynx

Question 14

thyroid hormone (t)

Answer 14

it increases cellular activity in skeletal, reproductive, and nervous systems

Question 15

calcitonin (t)

Answer 15

is released in response to increased blood calcium levels; decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating the deposition of calcium into bone

Question 16

parathyroids

Answer 16

4 masses on back of thyroid

Question 17

parathyroid hormone

Answer 17

increases blood calcium levels by removing calcium from bone

Question 18

pancreas

Answer 18

hormones are secreted from islets of langerhans; beta and alpha cells

Question 19

beta cells

Answer 19

secretes insulin in response to high levels of glucose; insulin decreases blood sugar

Question 20

alpha cells

Answer 20

secretes glucagon in response to low levels of glucose; glucagon increases blood sugar

Question 21

adrenal gland

Answer 21

atop kidneys; 2 areas: cortex and medulla

Question 22

cortex

Answer 22

secretes steroids = corticosteroids

Question 23

mineralocorticoids (ag)

Answer 23

regulate sodium and potassium levels

Question 24

glucocorticoids (ag)

Answer 24

increases breakdown of fats and proteins to generate blood glucose = anti-stress

Question 25

gonadocorticoids (ag)

Answer 25

sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) may affect the onset of puberty, pubic and axillary hair development, and sex drive

Question 26

medulla

Answer 26

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine to prepare the body for “fight or flight”

Question 27

testes (g)

Answer 27

testosterone

Question 28

ovaries (g)

Answer 28

progesterone and estrogen

Question 29

thymus

Answer 29

bilobed, at tracheal bifurcation

Question 30

thymosin

Answer 30

causes the T-cells of the immune system to mature