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BISC 326 > Lab Definitions > Flashcards

Lab Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Obligate heterotrophic algae

A

Primarily heterotrophic (absorption of organic matter is required for growth, metabolism, and reproduction) but are capable of sustaining themelves by phototrophy when prey concentration limit growth. E.g.Gymnodium gracilentum (dinoflagellate)

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2
Q

Obligate phototrophic algae

A

Primarily photosynthetic but can supplement growth by phagotropy (feeding directly on dead particulate or organic matter) and/or osmotrophy (active uptake of dissolved organic substances) when light is limiting. E.g. Dinobryan (heterokont)

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3
Q

Facultative mixotrophic algae

A

Can grow equally well as phototrophs and heterotrophs. E.g. Fragilidium (dinoflagellate)

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4
Q

Obligate mixotrophic algae

A

Primarily photosynthetic but phagotropy and/or osmotrophy provides substances essential for growth. E.g. Euglena (euglenophyte)

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5
Q

Asexual or Vegetative Reproduction

A
  1. Binary Fission (cellular bisection)
  2. Zoospore (flagellate motile spores produced within parental vegetative cells)
  3. Aplanospore (aflagellated cells that later develop into zoospores)
  4. Autospore (aflagellated cells that will be released from the ruptured parent cells)
  5. Autocolony formation (occures in colonial spears)
  6. Fragmentation (mostly in filamentous types)
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6
Q

Resting Stages of Algae

A
  1. Hypnospores (produced outside parent cells, allow to survive temporary drying)
  2. Hypnozygotes (outside parent cells forms after fertilization, allow to survive temporary drying out)
    Spirogyra and Dinoflagellates!!!
  3. Statospores (cysts that form within vegetative cell e.g. Ochromonas (stramenophile)
  4. Akinates (enlarged vegetative cells that develop a thick wall due to limiting nutrients and limiting light) e.g. Cyanobacteria and green algae
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7
Q

Life Cycles of Algae

A
  1. Haplontic or Zygotic e.g. Chlamydomonas
    Zygote (2n) undergoes meiosis to produce haploid daughter cells
  2. Diplontic or Gametic e.g. Diatoms
    Vegetative diploid phase undergo meiosis to give rise to gametes
  3. Diplohaplontic or Sporic e.g. Red Algae
    Life cycle has two different phases consisting in a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. Gametes are produced by mitosis in the gametophytes.
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8
Q

Palmelloid

A

Algal colony composed of an indefinite number of non-motile cells embedded in a gelatinous or mucilaginous matrix

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9
Q

Uniseriate

A

Cells arranged in a single row/layer

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10
Q

Multiseriate

A

Consisting/arranged in several series

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11
Q

Capsoid

A

Individual non-motile cells embedded in mucilage

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12
Q

Coccoid

A

Individual non-motile cells with individual cell walls

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13
Q

Colonial

A

Small, regular groups of motile cells

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14
Q

Filamentous

A

A string of non-motile cells connected together

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15
Q

Parenchymatous

A

Cells forming a thallus with PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF TISSUES

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16
Q

Three Steps for Protein Import in Euglenoids

A
  1. Synthesis on polysomes bound to the rough ER with translocation into ER
  2. Transport from ER into Golgi apparatus
  3. Import across the three chloroplast membranes
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17
Q

Aplanospore

A

Nonmotile asexual spore formed by rejuvenation in algae

Different from akinete by developing a new cell wall distinct from parent cell

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18
Q

Autospore

A

Nonmotile, non-flagellated spore produced within a parent cell with the same chape as parent before release. Asexual.

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19
Q

Zoospore

A

Motile asexual spore that uses flagellum for locomotion

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20
Q

Anisogamy

A

Sexual reproduction by the fusion of dissimilar gametes

21
Q

Isogamy

A

Fusion of gametes in similar size

22
Q

Oogamy

A

Fusion of large nonmotile female gamete and small motile male gamete

23
Q

Alteration of Generations

A

Regular alteration between two distinct forms:

The generations are alternately sexual and asexual.
Mitosis occurs in both diploid and haploid cells; unicellular haploid (gametophyte) and multicellular diploid (sporophyte).

24
Q

Diplontic Life Cycle

A

Diploid stage is multicellular and haploid gametes are formed; meiosis is gametic.

25
Q

Haplodiplontic Life Cycle

A

Multicellular diploid and haploid stages occur; Meiosis is sporic

26
Q

Gametangium

A

Haploid structure; formation dows not involve meiosis

27
Q

Antheridium / Oogonium (Gametangiums)

A

Antheridium - male sex organ

Oogonium - small female diploid cell

28
Q

Isokont Flagella

A

Cells with flagella of equal length

29
Q

Anisokont Flagella

A

Cells with flagella of unequal length

30
Q

Desmids

A

Charophyta;

Unicellular, lacking flagella
Two symmetrical compartments
Asexual fission

31
Q

Zygospore

A

Thick walled resting cell arising from the fusion of two similar gametes

(Charophytes)

32
Q

Carpogonium

A

Female organ of Rhodophyta

33
Q

Carpospore

A

Diploid spore produced by Rhodophyta after carposporophyte subdivides into carpospores.

Wall breaks down to release spores.

34
Q

Carposporophyte

A

The sporophyte of Rhodophyta after spermatangium enters the carpogonium. Releases carpospores.

35
Q

Monospores

A

Walled, nonflagellate spherical cells produces by diploid generation

36
Q

Spermatangium

A

Male organ of rhodophyta that releases spermatia

37
Q

Tetrasporophyte/ Tetrasporangium

A

Formed by carpospores (2n) after meiosis, releases tetraspores (n)

38
Q

Epitheca

A

Larger half of frustule, overlaps the hypotheca of Diatoms

39
Q

Hypotheca

A

Smaller half of the frustule of Diatoms

40
Q

Frustule

A

Hard porous cell wall of Diatoms composed of silica

41
Q

Pennate

A

Bilaterally symmetrical (diatoms)

42
Q

Cingulum

A

Ribbonlike flagellum encircles the cell allowing turning and forward movement

43
Q

Heterokont Flagella

A

Two unequal flagella (heterokonts)

44
Q

Sulcus

A

The fissure in dinoflagellate

45
Q

Conceptacles and Receptacles

A

Conceptacles: Specialized cavities that contain reproductive organs (brown fucales)

Receptacles: vegetative tissues near the end of reproductive stems at the ends of algae branches (Brown algae in heterokontophyta) contain conceptacles; also captures food.

46
Q

Rhizoid

A

Protrube from lower epidermal cells of algae; absorb nutruents minerals and water.

47
Q

Thallus

A

Undifferentiated vegetative tissue (lacks vascular tissue)

48
Q

Autocolony Formation

A

Each cell within a colony can produce a new colony similar to the one which it belongs. Cell division produces multicellular groups that differs from parent in cell size but not number.

BISC 326 (4 decks)

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