Algae Flashcards
Oscillatoria
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Filamentous
No Branching
Uniseriate
(Looks like spaghetti)
Spirulina
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Filamentous
No branching
Uniseriate
Anabaena
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Filamentous
No branching
Uniseriate
Heterocysts (fix nitrogen) and Akinetes bc rough environment
Tolypothrix
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Filamentous
False branching
Uniseriate
Heterocysts (often att eh bases of false branches)
Stigonema/ Fischerella
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Filamentous
True branching
Multiseriate
Gloeocapsa
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Non filamentous
Grows in gelatinous matrix (seen by staining with India Ink)
Palmelloid! Not colonial
Nostoc
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Heterocysts Rarely in marine Filamentous Unbranched Uniseriate Akinetes and Heterocysts
Merismopedia
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Non filamentous
Colonial
Palmelloid!!
Scytonema
Phylum: Cyanophyta
Domain: Eubacteria
Filamentous
False branching
Uniseriate
Heterocysts
Chlamydomonas
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Colonial Asexual Autocolony Formation Sexual oogamy Pyrenoids/eyespots Aplanospores!! Zoospores!!
Chlorella
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Unicellular, nonmotile
Asexual autospore/ zoospore
Sexual: Isogamous and Haplontic
No flagella
Can grow endosymbiotically in ciliates
Codium Fragile
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Dead man’s fingers (don’t need to know)
Intertidal
No asexual/sporophyte stage
Male and female gametes on separate plants
Eudorina
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Colonial
Sexual oogamy or asexual Auto Colony Formation
Multiples of 16
Beats flagella together
Ulva
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Discoid holdfast
No stipe
2 cell thick membrane blades
Isomorphic Alteration of Generations, Parenchymatous
Attaches to rocks in intertidal
Volvox
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Colonial and Motile
Asexual Auto Colony Formation
Sexual Oogamy
Biflagellate
Chladophora
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Filamentous
No conjugation
Meiosis and mitosis
(Looks like bamboo)
Pediastrum
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Flat, one cell thick Colony
Asexual Auto Colony Formation (zoospores)
Sexual Isogametes (rare)
pedi = flat astrum = star
Scenedesmus
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Unicellular or colonial
Asexual autospores
Sexual Isogamy
Multiples of 4
(Looks like orzo pasta)
Oedogonium
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Filamentous Asexual Zoospores/ Germination of aplanospores/ Fragmentation Sexual Oogamy Unbranched filaments Uniseriate
Acetabularia
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Unicellular
Mitosis and nuclear meiosis
Siphonus
(Looks like flowers)
Actinastrum
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Siphonus
Look like stars
Coleochaete
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Parenchymatous
Sexual and asexual
Bangia
Phylum: Rhodophyta
Domain: Plantae
Filamentous Monosporic or Oogamous Uniseriate at base, becomes Multiseriate Unbranched Intertidal/subtidal Clumped on rocks/shells
Batrachospermum
Phylum: Rhodophyta
Domain: Plantae
Filamentous, uniseriate with branching Trichogyne is spatula shaped Asexual monosporic Sexual oogamy (Red algae that is green)
Siphonaceous Rhodophyta
Neohordomela
Sarciotheca
Halosaccion
Gracillaria
Flat Thalli Rhodophyta
Chondracanthus
Mazzaella
Crust Forming Rhodophyta
Mastocarpus
Branching Thalli Rhodophyta
Microcladia
Prionitis
Cosmarium
Phylum: Charophyta
Domain: Plantae
Colonial Unicellular Binary fission Conjugation Desmids!! Divided by medium (Looks like bubbles)
Micrasterias
Phylum: Charophyta
Domain: Plantae
Unicellular
Binary Fission and Conjugation
Desmids!!
Spirogyra
Phylum: Charophyta
Domain: Plantae
Filamentous, uniseriate, unbranched
Aplanospores or
Conjugation
Nodes
(Spiralled chloroplasts)
Navicula
Phylum: Bacillariophyta
Domain: SAR
DIATOM Unicellular nonmotile Binary Fission Isogamy Pen-shaped ends (Pennate Diatom)
Pinnularia
Phylum: Bacillariophyta
Domain: SAR
DIATOM Elliptical unicellular Rigid silica framework Cell division and heterogametic Auxospores
Synedra
Phylum: Bacillariophyta
Domain: SAR
DIATOM
Colonial unicellular
Long and needle-like
Asexual
Thalassionema
Phylum: Bacillariophyta
Domain: SAR
Diatom
Rectangular with rounded ends
Connect to form zigzags
Ceratium
Phylum: Dinophyceae
Domain: SAR
Unicellular
Binary fission, Isogamy
2-3 horns, armored
Noctiluca scintillans
Phylum: Dinoflagellata
Domain: SAR
Flagellum doesnt move organism
Nonmotile
Diplontic
Bioluminescence
Fucus distichus
Phylum: Phaeophyta
Domain: SAR
Diplontic (gametic)
Oogamous
Anisogamous
Parenchymatous
Nereocystis luetkeana
Phylum: Phaeophyta
Domain: SAR
Alteration of generations
Haplodiplontic, Heteromorphic
Sargassum
Phylum: Phaeophyta
Domain: SAR
Oogonia and antheridia
Pseudoparenchymatous
Euglena
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Domain: Eukaryote
Obligate mixotrophic
Phototrophic Euglena
Two equal flagella
3 membranes around chloroplast
List of Diatoms
Navicula
Pinnularia
Synedra
Thalassionema
List of Dinoflagellates
Coscinodiscus
Ceratium
Noctiluca scintillans
Peridinium
Thalossiosira
Ditylum brightwelli
Pleurosigma
Features of Cyanobacteria
Domain: Eubacteria
Photosynthetic prokaryotes
Primary symbionts that algal chloroplasts derived from
Chlorophyll a
Myxoxanthin
Cyanophycin (storage)
Features of Chlorophyta
Domain: Plantae
Eukaryotic cells distinguished by their ISOKONT
Chloroplast bounded by a double membrane
Stacked thylakoids
Chlorophyll a & b, y-carotene
Starch
SOmetimes Pyrenoids (CO2 fixation)
Features of Rhodophyta
Domain: Plantae
Features:
No flagella or centrioles
Unstacked thylakoids
Reproduction:
Isomorphic/Heteromorphic Alteration of Generations
Chlorophyll a
Lutein
Floridean Starch
Phycobilliproteins make them red
Features of Charophytes
Domain: Plantae
First land plants
Homologous chloroplasts
Mitosis similar to land plants
Features of Diatoms
Domain: SAR
Phylum: Bacillariophyta
Single cell with two part cell walls made of silica
Patterned cell walls (frustules)
Centric = free floating
Benthic = pennate
Features of Dinoflagellates
Domain: SAR
Unicellular marine planktonic
Dissimilar two flagella
Polygonal plates of polysaccharides (cellulose)
Structurally different from Heterokonts
Features of Phaeophyta
Domain: SAR
Chlorophyll a & c
Fucoxanthin
Laminarian and manitol as storage
Secondary endosymbiosis
Features of Euglenoids
Excavates in Domain Eukaryotes
Chlorophyll a & b
Lutein
Starch
Distinguished by their pellicle (protein strips under cell membrane supported by microtubules, giving shape and striations)
Inching motion called METABOLY via sliding of pellicles
What are Heterokonts?
They = Stramenopiles in domain SAR
Two dissimilar flagella - one long bearing stiff tubular hairs called MASTIGONEMES and a short microscopic one
Four membranes
Chlorophyll a & c with fucoxanthin
Cover Diatoms and Phaeophytes!!
Vaucheria
Phylum: Xanthophyceae
Domain: SAR
Oogamy
Aplanospores, Zoospores
Filamentous
Sparingly branched
Looks like a tiny pe
Mastocarpus
Heteromorphic Alteration of Generatiosn
Peridinium
Phylum: Dinophyceae
Domain: SAR
Unicellular
Binary Fission and Isogamy
Armored no horns
