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Sociology - Research Methods > Lab and Field experiments > Flashcards

Lab and Field experiments Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the key features of lab experiments?

A
  • control
  • experimental group
  • control group
  • cause and effect
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2
Q

what is a lab experiment?

A
  • controlled environment
  • artificial
  • control IV to see affect on DV
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3
Q

when the researcher picks the p’s, what do they sort them into?

A
  • experimental group

- control group

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4
Q

what is an experimental group?

A

exposed to IV that the researcher believes will have a certain effect

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5
Q

what is the control group?

A
  • not exposed to IV
  • conditions are kept constant
  • compared to experimental group
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6
Q

how do you establish cause and effect?

A
  • we measure changes in control and experimental before and after research
  • if change in experimental but not control, we can establish cause and effect
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7
Q

what are the practical issues of lab experiments?

A
  • open systems
  • individuals are complex
  • studying the past
  • small samples
  • the hawthorne effect
  • the expectancy effect
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8
Q

how are lab experiments not suitable for open systems?

A

keat and urry (1982):

  • lab is artifical
  • all variables are controlled
  • lacks realism
  • isn’t applicable to everyday life
  • lack ecological validity
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9
Q

how is the complexity of p’s a practical issue of lab experiments?

A
  • p’s are unique

- can’t exactly match control p’s to experimental p’s

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10
Q

why can lab experiments not be used to study the past?

A
  • can’t control variables that happened in past events

- can’t keep p’s in labs for long times to return back to

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11
Q

how is small sample sizes an issue with lab experiments?

A
  • difficult to study large scale events
  • small sample size suggests more of a correlation than cause and effect
  • can generalise
  • not representative
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12
Q

how is the hawthorn effect a practical issue of lab experiments?

A
  • if p’s know they’re being experimented on they may behave differently
  • therefore it’s not the variable affecting the p’s
  • lowers validity of research
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13
Q

how is the expectancy effect a practical issue of lab experiments?

A
  • form of experimenter bias
  • what researcher expects will affect actual outcome
  • e.g the researcher will treat p in a certain way to affect behaviour in favour of their expectation
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14
Q

what are the ethical issues with lab experiments?

A
  • informed consent

- harm to subjects

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15
Q

how id informed consent an ethical issue of lab experiments?

A
  • explaining true aim can ruin experiment
  • aim is usually kept hidden
  • subjects are deceived
  • can’t give true consent
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16
Q

how can lab experiments cause harm to subjects?

A
  • can cause usually psychological harm
  • if the p is deceived they can feel poorly
  • e.g zimbardo / milgram
17
Q

what are the theoretical issues of lab experiments?

A
  • reliability and hypothesis testing
  • representativeness
  • internal validity
  • interpretivism and free will
18
Q

why do positivists regard lab experiments as highly reliable?

A
  • control / specific steps = easy to replicate
  • quantitative data so retests can be easily compared
  • objective so subjective feelings won’t ever effect the results
19
Q

how are lab experiments good at testing hypotheses?

A
  • if we want to test a certain effect of a variable
  • high control
  • so we can easily manipulate IV to test hypothesis
20
Q

how are lab experiments not representative?

A
  • only study small sample size
  • everyone is unique
  • can’t be generalised / unrepresentative
  • artificial
  • lacks realism
  • can’t be applied to real life
21
Q

why do lab experiments lack high internal validity?

A
  • artificial
  • might cause hawthorne affect
  • invalid results
22
Q

how does free will undermine lab experiments?

A

interpretivism:

  • humans have free will
  • we aren’t affected by external forces
  • can’t explain behaviour with cause and effect laws
  • should study freely made choices based on meanings p’s give to events

Sociology - Research Methods (4 decks)

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