Lab anatomy terms

Question 1

Esophagus

Answer 1

tube lying behind trachea - food tube

Question 2

Glottis

Answer 2

back of the oral cavity (pharynx) - opening to the trachea from the mouth

Question 3

Larynx

Answer 3

anterior end of trachea - does not produce sound in birds but may affect sound

Question 4

Syrinx

Answer 4

Expansion at the base of the trachea - serves as the vocal cords of the bird
- mebranes and muscles control tension of vocal cords and determine pitch of sound

Question 5

Air sacs

Answer 5

paired air sacs arre found cervical, thoracic, abdominal
thin membranes
- act as a bellows to assist lungs and help air circulate / ventillation

Question 6

Lungs / bronchi

Answer 6

remember how birds work
- air moves to air sacs on first inhale, then to lungs on first exhale, then to air sacs on second inhale, then leave bird on second echale

Question 7

Crop

Answer 7

food storage organ prior to gizzard
- in esophagus

Question 8

Liver

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

Stomach

Answer 9

two portions
Proventriculus (glandular stomach)
- soft stomach before gizzard
- secretes digestive enzymes

Gizzard (muscular stomach)
- maceration of food with muscles and sand or small rocks

Question 10

Small intestine

Answer 10

after gizzard
- contains pairs of caeca - used for microbial breakdown of food

Question 11

Large intestine

Answer 11

part from caeca to cloaca

Question 12

Cloaca

Question 13

Kidneys

Answer 13

filtering blood - ureters that go from kidneys to cloaca for waste removal

Question 14

Testes and ovaries

Answer 14

Ovaries - ostium, opening to the oviduct - egg tube to cloaca

Testes - enter into cloaca via vas deferens

sex organs are very small in non breeding birds - especially males