Lab Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Turbidity analyses on samples should be measured?

A

As soon as possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which sample quantity should be collected for a

hardness analysis?

A

100 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which is the minimum size turbidity sample that

should be collected?

A

100 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which sample should not be collected in a glass container?

A

Fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacteriological sample storage refrigerator temperatures

should range from ____________.

A

10 to 50 c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long can a preserved sample that is to be analyzed

for manganese content be stored?

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Samples to be analyzed for manganese are preserved with?

A

Nitric Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the total coliform colisure test, if coliforms are present,

the special medium will turn?

A

Red to purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the chemical formula for ammonia?

A

NH3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electrically charged atoms such as Na+ and Cl-

are called?

A

Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How often should a softening treatment plant analyze

for hardness?

A

Daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which test would be used to determine

total alkalinity?

A

Methyl Orange test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which method is used to calculate the calcium carbonate

stability of water?

A

Langelier Index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is responsible for sample preservation?

A

The sampler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If hardness samples need to be stored, which preservative

should be used?

A

Nitric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long can samples be held for fluoride analysis?

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which water quality parameter can be properly determined

by collecting a composite sample?

A

Zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Water that is to be analyze for inorganic metals should be

acidified to a pH that is _______.

A

< 2.0 pH units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nematodes are?

A

Roundworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An actinomycetes bacterial colony on an agar plate

would have a ________.

A

Dull powdery appearance with fuzzy border.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which level of Threshold Odor Number (TON) will

result in customer complaints?

A

5 (TON)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Suspended solids that are referred to as settleable solids

will settle unaided to the bottom of a sedimentation

basin within?

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would be considered very hard water measure in

mg/L as CaCO3 for the Sawyer, Briggs, or

Ficke classification?

A

> 300 mg/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Water that is too soft will cause?

A

Soap scum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why is it important to measure

Total Organic Carbon

(TOC)

A

TOC correlates with production of disinfection

by-products?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which element is found in all acids?

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When a base reacts with an oxide of a nonmetal

it will produce _______.

A

A salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When anhydrides react with water they produce?

A

Acids and hydroxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Oxides of nonmetals in water will _______.

A

cause acidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the formula for the

Langelier Index?

A

Ll = pH - pHs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Giardia lamblia species are?

A

Protozoans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The specific gravity of water is based on using

a temperature of _______.

A

40 c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Jar testing procedures are applicable to ________.

A

conventional treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The incubation time for the membrane filter method is?

A

24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which type of glassware is used in dispensing solutions

during titrations?

A

Burette

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Samples confirmed in the presence-absence test

must also be tested for?

A

Escherichia Coli

(e-coli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which should the heterotrophic plate count value be in

water that has been properly treated?

A

< 500 colonies per mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why should a Jar test procedure be done as quickly

as possible after collecting the raw water sample?

A

Changes in temperature will

significantly affect results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which is the preferred method of hardness analysis?

A

Titration with

ethylenediaminetetraacetic

acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which method is used for Fluoride analysis?

A

SPADNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

When EDTA is added to a sample being tested for

hardness, the end point causes the dye in the

sample to change to _______.

A

blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which type of pipette has a single ring near the top?

A

Transfer pipette

43
Q

Titration for alkalinity analyses uses which instrument to determine the end point?

A

pH meter

44
Q

The number of grains per gallon (gpg) can be converted

to mg/L hardness by _______.

A

multiplying by 17.12

45
Q

Hardness samples that have been acidified can be

stored for _______.

A

28 days

46
Q

Which type of bottle should be used and how should it be

cleaned for taste-and-odor samples?

A

Glass bottles, cleaned with detergent and rinsed with

distilled water.

47
Q

After a sample to be analyzed for manganese has

been acidified, its pH must be?

A

< 2 pH units

48
Q

Conductivity (as it pertains to water)

is __________.

A

the measure of a solution’s ionic strength and an indirect

measure of the total dissolved solids.

49
Q

When should a water treatment plant take action on odors

in finished water?

A

At 3-TON

50
Q

Dissolved metals in a water sample are considered to

be metals that are?

A

Unacidified and pass through

0.45 µm membrane.

51
Q

Salmonella species are?

A

Bacteria

52
Q

“Standared Methods” defines QA as?

A

Producing data that is precise and unbiased.

53
Q

Atoms that have the same atomic number, but a different

mass number are called?

A

Isotopes

54
Q

The oxidation number of an element is also called

Its _________ number.

A

Valence

55
Q

When oxidation occurs?

A

Electrons are lost by the species being oxidize.

56
Q

When reduction occurs?

A

Electrons are gained by the species being reduced.

57
Q

A double replacement reaction is the same as?

A

An ionic reaction.

58
Q

What is the strongest oxidizing agent?

A

Cl2 + 2e-

59
Q

Which will show Brownian motion?

A

Colloids

60
Q

Molarity is the number of?

A

Moles of solute per liter of solution.

61
Q

What would increase in solubility as the

temperature decreases?

A

Chlorine gas

62
Q

Crystalline compounds that contain water are called?

A

Hydrates

63
Q

What is it called when water molecules associate

with ions?

A

Hydration of ions

64
Q

If a hydrocarbon has one or more of its hydrogen atoms

replaced with a hydroxyl (OH) group it is called?

A

An alcohol

65
Q

When is water considered to be in equilibrium?

A

pH - pHs = O

66
Q

How are total calcium analyses reported?

A

In mg/L as CaCO3

67
Q

Which is the most probable solution if “midges” can be

seen in the finished water?

A

Increase chlorination and backwash.

68
Q

Typically, which constituent would account for the least

amount of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)?

A

Dissolved organic matter

69
Q

Which algal genera in the chlorophyta phylum are

filamentous and can form tangled mats in ponds?

A

Rhizoclonium

70
Q

If phenolphthalein alkalinity equals total alkalinity, which

species is present?

A

OH-

71
Q

If phenolphthalein alkalinity is zero, which species

is present?

A

HCO-3

72
Q

In general, for every 10 electrical conductivity units there

are approximately how many mg/L of dissolved solids?

A

6 to 7 mg/L

73
Q

Ionic compounds are formed when _______.

A

a transfer of electrons occurs.

74
Q

The measure of attraction that atoms have for each other

when they share electrons is called?

A

Electronegativity

75
Q

Which genera of cyanobacteria release a variety of

odorous organic sulfur compounds, especially

after dying?

A

Microcystis

76
Q

If two combining atoms have an electronegativity difference

that is more than 1.6, then ________.

A

ionic bonding will occur.

77
Q

Which sulfer bacteria are photosynthetic?

A

Chromatium

78
Q

Which is the quantitative relationship of chemical reactants

and their products known as?

A

Stoichiometry

79
Q

If a water molecule has both of its hydrogen atoms

replaced by alkyl groups, it is called?

A

An ester

80
Q

In general, an electrical conductivity change of 10 units

represents approximately _________ of dissolved solids?

A

6.0 to 7.0 m/L

81
Q

Which is the first level of “TDS” that is considered unfit

for human consumption?

A

4,000 mg/L

82
Q

Which sulfur bacteria are photosynthetic?

A

Chlorobium

83
Q

Which chemical is use in desiccators to remove moisture

from the air in the desiccator?

A

Calcium sulfate

84
Q

Which laboratory incubator is most useful for total coliform

and HPC (Heterotrophic Plate Count) analyses?

A

Dry-Heat incubator

85
Q

Under no circumstances should a composite sample be collected for which type of analysis?

a. Bacteriological
b. Total dissolved solids
c. Alkalinity
d. Turbidity

A

a. Bacteriological

86
Q

The number of monthly distribution system chlorine residual samples required is ________.

a. based on water withdrawal permit limit.
b. based on system size.
c. based on population.
d. different for each state.

A

c. based on pupulation.

87
Q

Which is (are) the ideal indicator for pathogens?

a. Salmonella species
b. Coliform group bacteria
c. Gram-negative cocci
d. Gram-negative coccobacilli

A

b. Coliform group bacteria

88
Q

When one substance is dissolved in another and will not settle out, which is the product called?

a. An emulsion
b. A compound
c. A suspension
d. A solution

A

d. A solution

89
Q

Acids, bases, and salts lacking carbon are ________.

a. ketones.
b. aldehydes.
c. organic compounds.
d. inorganic compounds.

A

d. inorganic compounds.

90
Q

Which type of sample should always be collected for determining the presence of coliform bacteria?

a. Time composite.
b. Grab sample.
c. Proportional.
d. Composite.

A

b. Grab sample.

91
Q

Samples to be tested for coliforms can be refrigerated for up to ______ hours before analysis, but should be done as soon as possible.

a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 12

A

c. 8

92
Q

When a water sample is acidified, the final pH of the water must be _______.

a. < 2.0
b. < 2.5
c. < 3.0
d. < 3.5

A

a. < 2.0

93
Q

Which chemical is used to remove residual chlorine from water?

a. Na2S2O3
b. Na2SiO3
c. Na2SiF6
d. NaOCl

A

a. Na2S2O3

94
Q

When a sample is collected, which causes its quality to begin to change?

a. CO2
b. Dissolved gases
c. Biological activity
d. pH

A

c. Biological activity

95
Q

Water that is to be analyzed for inorganic metals should be acidified with _________.

a. dilute hydrochloric acid.
b. concentrated hydrochloric acid.
c. dilute nitric acid.
d. concentrated nitric acid.

A

d. concentrated nitric acid.

96
Q

A solution used to determine the concentration of another solution is called a ________.

a. saturated solution.
b. standardized solution.
c. concentrated solution.
d. dilute solution.

A

b. standardized solution.

97
Q

Which method would you use to concentrate and retrieve low numbers of bacteria from a large quantity of water?

a. Colilert
b. Colisure
c. Membrane filtration
d. MPN (Most Probable Number)

A

c. Membrane filtration

98
Q

A typical coliform colony in the membrane filter method has the following characteristics:

a. Blue with lustrous surface sheen
b. Pink to dark red with green metallic surface sheen
c. Pink or yellow with lustrous to metallic surface sheen depending on species
d. Yellow with silver metallic to lustrous surface sheen

A

b. Pink to dark red with green metallic surface sheen

99
Q

In the presumptive phase of the Most Probable Number test, how long does it take for the coliforms to produce gas?

a. 12 to 24 hours
b. 24 to 48 hours
c. 24 to 36 hours
d. 36 to 48 hours

A

b. 24 to 48 hours

100
Q

Chemical analysis for synthetic organic compounds should not be collected in containers made of _________.

a. polytetrafluoroethylene.
b. stainless steel.
c. polypropylene.
d. borosilicate.

A

c. polypropylene.

101
Q

How much acid per 100 mL should be used to preserve a sample for later hardness analyses?

a. 0.1 mL
b. 0.2 mL
c. 0.5 mL
d. 1.0 mL

A

c. 0.5 mL

102
Q

Conductivity measurements can assist the laboratory analyst in __________.

a. measuring the electrical strength, which is directly proportional to the number of free electrons.
b. estimating the concentration of calcium carbonate.
c. evaluating variations in the concentration of suspended particles.
d. determining the degree of mineralization of the water.

A

d. determining the degree of mineralization of the water.

103
Q

Water that is to be analyzed for inorganic metals should be filtered for _______ before ________.

a. dissolved metals; analyses
b. suspended metals; analyses
c. dissolved metals; preserving
d. suspended metals; preserving

A

c. dissolved metals; preserving

104
Q

In routine water quality sampling, which one of the following is an early warning sign that conditions are becoming more conducive to sulfate-reducing bacteria?

a. Increase in ferrous iron
b. Increase in ferric iron
c. Dramatic decline in dissolved oxygen
d. Increase in sulfides

A

c. Dramatic decline in dissolved oxygen