Lab After First Practical Flashcards
catalase bubbling immediately means blank
positive, aerobic
catalase bubbling after a delay means blank
positive, facultative
catalase not bubbling means blank
negative, anaerobic
example of positive catalase
S. aureus
example of negative catalase
S. pyogenes
oxidase test needs a few drops of blank
paraamino
oxidase test that does not change colors means
negative
oxidase test that changes purple after 30 seconds means
positive
example of positive oxidase
A. faecalis
example of negative oxidase
E. coli
nitrate becomes nitrite (NO2) via
nitrate reductase
I in the IMVIC test means
indole
M in the IMVIC test means
methyl red
V in the IMVIC test means
voges proskauer
C in the IMVIC test means
citrate
indole test uses the blank media
SIM’s
indole test uses enzyme blank
tryptophanase
indole test has tryptophane turning into blank and blank
indole, pyruvic acid
test reagent used in indole
kovac’s
red ring kovac’s test means
positive for tryptophanase
gold ring kovac’s test means
negative for tryptophanase
methyl red in MRVP tests for glucose fermenting into blank
mixed acids
red methyl red test means
positive for mixed acid fermentation
no change methyl red test means
negative for mixed acid fermentation
VPA in VP test
naphthol
VPB in VP test
KOH
how long to wait during VP test
30 minutes
VP test in MRVP tests for glucose fermenting into blank
alcohol
red VP test means
positive for alcohol products
no change VP test means
negative for alcohol products
two enzymes in citrate test
citrate permease, citrase
pH in citrate
bromthymol blue
blue citrate slant means
positively can use citrate
green citrate slant means
can’t use citrate
red tube of nitrate test means
positive NO3
no change in nitrate test tube means
add Zn dust
red tube of nitrate after adding Zn dust means
negative, no reduction
no change in tube of nitrate after adding Zn dust means
positive for NH3
positive red ring indole test example
E. coli
negative gold ring indole test example
A. faecalis or E. aerogenes
positive red methyl red test and negative VP test example
E. coli
negative methyl red test and positive red VP test example
E. aerogenes
negative methyl red test and negative VP test
A. faecalis
negative MR and VP tests mean that the bacteria blank
does not use glucose
negative green citrate test example
E. coli
positive blue citrate test example
A. faecalis or E. aerogenes
positive red nitrate test without zinc that makes NO2 example
E. coli
negative nitrate test with zinc that makes NH3
P. aeruginosa
a super reducer of nitrate makes blank
NH3
negative nitrate test without zinc but positive with zinc that does not make anything example
A. faecalis
H2S test medium
SIMS
if H2S is positive it contains the enzyme blank
cysteine desulfinase
H2S reacts with blank in media to form black Fe precipitate
ferrous sulfate
positive H2S color is blank
black
example of no H2S production that is motile
E. coli
example of positive H2S production
S. typhimurium
pH indicator in Urease test
phenol red
urea is hydrolyzed into
CO2, H2O, NH3
positive urease test is blank color
dark pinkish
example of positive urease test
P. vulgaris
example of negative urease test
E. coli
with the lid on during radiation, blank grew
all microbes
example of most resistant to radiation microbe because of blank
A. niger, spores
example of least resistant to radiation microbe
S. marcescens
blank formed spores in moist heat test because it grew at high temperatures
A. niger
example that did not grow at high temperatures in moist heat
S. aureus
drug that is all natural
antibiotic
drug that is man made
synthetic
drug that is part natural and part man made
semi synthetic
drug that covers wide range of organisms
broad spectrum
example of broad spectrum drug
tetracycline
drug that does not cover wide range of organisms
narrow spectrum
method for antibiotic plate
lawn
to make the lawn use a blank
q tip
if there are zones of no growth around the antibiotic then it is called a blank
zone of inhibition
the larger the zone, the blank effective the antibiotic
more
no zones of inhibition around antibiotic means the bacteria was blank
resistant
mode of action of penicillin
weakens peptidoglycan structure
mode of action of streptomycin
interferes protein synthesis
mode of action of chloramphenicol
prevents peptide bond formation in protein synthesis
mode of action of tetracyclines
prevents hydrogen bonding in protein synthesis
mode of action of bacitracin
inhibits cell wall synthesis
mode of action of polymyxin
destroys cell membrane
mode of action of rifampin
inhibits RNA synthesis
mode of action of quinolone
inhibits DNA synthesis
method of disinfectant plates are about the same as blank plates
antibiotic
mechanism of action of phenol
denatures proteins
mechanism of action of cresols
denatures proteins
mechanism of action of hexachlorophene
denatures proteins
mechanism of action of alcohols
denatures proteins
mechanism of action of halogens
oxidizing agen
mechanism of action of iodine
precipitates proteins
mechanism of action of heavy metals like mercury
precipitates proteins
mechanism of action of organic mercurials
precipitates proteins but not as irritating as heavy metal mercury
mechanism of action of wetting agents like soap and detergents
alters cell permeability
mechanism of action of formaldehyde
reduces enzymes
mechanism of action of ethylene oxide
reduces enzymes
incorporation of naked DNA
transformation
transformation occurs best when the bacteria is blank which occurs in the the late blank phase
competant, log
one way to make cells competant
use high salt concentrations or cycles of heat
control plate in transformation experiment showed blank with what color
growth, white colonies
control plate in transformation experiment with ampicillin showed blank
no growth
pGal plate in transpormation experiment with ampicillin showed blank
growth, blue and white colonies
blue colonies mean
total transformation of DNA
white colonies mean
no transformation of DNA
this is ampicillin sensitive
E. coli
this is ampicillin resistant
plasmid
virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
this means that a virus can cause a disease
virulent
spaces of clear left behind by dead bacteria destroyed by viruses
plaques
1 plaque represents
1 virus that infected the bacteria
cyanobacteria are blank
prokaryotes
algae are blank
eukaryotes
three characteristics of algae
colonial, filamentous, chlorophylls
one way phyla of multicellular algae are separated
types of photosynthetic pigment, cell wall composition, photosynthetic storage products
red algae
rhodophyta
brown algae
phaeophyta
red and brown algae are usually blank
macroscopic
chocolate agar checks for blank
neisseria
mueller hinton tests for
diphtheroids
sabourad agar finds
yeast/mold
alpha hemolytic can mean this type of strep
pneumoniae
beta hemolytic means this
strep throat
gamma hemolytic means
not pathogenic
groups a, b, c in serologic classification of hemolysis are
beta
group d in serologic classification of hemolysis is
alpha
fever after delivering baby and the washing hands story
puerperal fever
six virulence toxins
hemolysin, leucocidin, erythrogenic, hyaluronidase, streptokinase, nuclease
virulence toxin that lyses red blood cells
hemolysin
virulence toxin that kills white blood cells
leucocidin
virulence toxin that is scarlet fever the red rash
erythrogenic
virulence toxin that spreads bacteria in connective tissue
hyaluronidase
virulence toxin where clots are formed to isolate them
streptokinase
virulence toxin that destroys tissue allowing spread
nuclease
What does mosquito give man?
sporozoites
sporozoites go into blank which then release them as blank
liver, merozoites
one fact of slime mold
free living
normal flora on skin
staphylococci
normal flora on eye conjunctiva
staphylococci
normal flora on upper respiratory tract
staphylococci
normal flora in mouth
staphylococci
normal flora in intestinal tract
enterococci
normal flora in genitourinary tract
staphylococci
sabourad agar mold looks blank while yeast looks blank
fuzzy, round shiny dots
all blank strains are salt tolerant
Staphylococcus
only strain that does not ferment mannitol
S. epidermidis
exhibits gamma or alpha hemolysis strain of staph
epidermidis
exhibits beta hemolysis strain of staph
aureus
exhibits alpha hemolysis only, strain of staph
saprophiticus
nitrate A is
sulfanilic acid
nitrate B is
alpha naphthylamine
