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A BIO106 - EVOL BIO LAB > LAB ACTIVITY 2 > Flashcards

LAB ACTIVITY 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Title of Lab Act 2

A

Evolution by Means of Natural Selection

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2
Q

Five main phenomena that contribute to a population’s evolution

A
  1. Mutation
  2. Migration
  3. Non-random mating
  4. Small Population Size
  5. Natural Selection
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3
Q

Mutation

A
  • changes in the genes of the population
  • are the raw material of evolution
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4
Q

Migration

A
  • immigration of individuals into or emigration of individuals out of a population
  • can change the genetic composition of that population
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5
Q

Non-random Mating

A

if certain individuals in a population mate together more or less frequently than predicted by random chance, this can change the genetic composition of the population (assortative mating)

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6
Q

Small Population Size

A

if a small, genetically non-representative sample of a large population is isolated from that large population, the small population’s genetic composition will change, relative to that of the large population (genetic drift)

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7
Q

Four tenets of Natural Selection

A
  1. Overproduction
  2. Variation
  3. Competition
  4. Differential Reproduction
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8
Q

Overproduction

A

members of the same species have the capacity to produce large number of offspring

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9
Q

Variation

A

members of the same species exhibit variable phenotypic traits, and some of this variation is heritable

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10
Q

Competition

A

members of the same species must compete for limited environmental resources

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11
Q

Differential Reproduction

A

survival and reproduction are not random

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12
Q

It is a warning coloration

A

Aposematic

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13
Q

It is a camouflaging coloration

A

Cryptic

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14
Q

Example of Aposematic

A
  • coloration of a stinging bee
  • the shape of a woodpecker’s bill
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15
Q

Example of Cryptic

A

coloration of a lizard against tree bark

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16
Q

Categories of Mutation

A
  1. Adaptive
  2. Maladaptive
  3. Neutral
17
Q

Adaptive

A

increases the chances of reproduction in the individual carrying it

18
Q

Maladaptive

A

decrease the chances of reproduction in the individual carrying it

19
Q

Neutral

A

does not effect the chances of reproduction in the individual carrying it

20
Q

the same species

A

conspecifics

21
Q

It is defined as a group of similar organisms within which there is gene flow

A

Species

22
Q

Members of different species are _______ ____ from each other: they cannot breed together to produce fertile, viable offspring

A

Reproductively Isolated

23
Q

Preventing zygote formation

A

Prezygotic Isolationg Mechanisms

24
Q

Preventing hybrid offspring from surviving or reproducing

A

Postzygotic Isolating Mechanism

25
Q

All indivisuals of a single species living within a defined area

A

Population

26
Q

All the populations of living organisms living within a defined area

A

Community

27
Q

The interactions of the living communities with one another and with the inorganic environment, including water, air, climate, seasons, and the earth itself

A

Ecosystem

28
Q

It is a type of evolution that can proceed gradually, consisting of genetic changes within a population without the generation of new species

A

Microevolution

29
Q

It is a type of evolution if some members of a population change to the degree that they are able to interbreed only with each other, and no longer with the other members of their original population

A

Speciation (Macroevolution)

30
Q

Prey species

A
  1. Beanus melanus (Black Bean)
  2. Beanus albus (White Bean)
  3. Zea mays (Corn seed)
  4. Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)
31
Q

Predator species

A
  1. Spoon-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape
  2. Fork-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape
  3. Scissor-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape
  4. Chopstick-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape
  5. Tong-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape
32
Q

Any characteristic or trait that gives an organism greater chances of surviving and reproducing than the available alternatives

A

Selective advantage

33
Q

The _____ coefficient (W) is the adaptive value of a particular species’ phenotype

A

Fitness (W)

34
Q

The _____ (s) is a measure of selective pressure against a particular phenotype, relative to the others in the population

A

Selection (s)

35
Q

Selection coefficient is calculated as

A

1 - W

A BIO106 - EVOL BIO LAB (4 decks)

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