LAB ACTIVITY 2

Question 1

Title of Lab Act 2

Answer 1

Evolution by Means of Natural Selection

Question 2

Five main phenomena that contribute to a population’s evolution

Answer 2

1. Mutation
2. Migration
3. Non-random mating
4. Small Population Size
5. Natural Selection

Question 3

Mutation

Answer 3

• changes in the genes of the population
• are the raw material of evolution

Question 4

Migration

Answer 4

• immigration of individuals into or emigration of individuals out of a population
• can change the genetic composition of that population

Question 5

Non-random Mating

Answer 5

if certain individuals in a population mate together more or less frequently than predicted by random chance, this can change the genetic composition of the population (assortative mating)

Question 6

Small Population Size

Answer 6

if a small, genetically non-representative sample of a large population is isolated from that large population, the small population’s genetic composition will change, relative to that of the large population (genetic drift)

Question 7

Four tenets of Natural Selection

Answer 7

1. Overproduction
2. Variation
3. Competition
4. Differential Reproduction

Question 8

Overproduction

Answer 8

members of the same species have the capacity to produce large number of offspring

Question 9

Variation

Answer 9

members of the same species exhibit variable phenotypic traits, and some of this variation is heritable

Question 10

Competition

Answer 10

members of the same species must compete for limited environmental resources

Question 11

Differential Reproduction

Answer 11

survival and reproduction are not random

Question 12

It is a warning coloration

Answer 12

Aposematic

Question 13

It is a camouflaging coloration

Answer 13

Cryptic

Question 14

Example of Aposematic

Answer 14

• coloration of a stinging bee
• the shape of a woodpecker’s bill

Question 15

Example of Cryptic

Answer 15

coloration of a lizard against tree bark

Question 16

Categories of Mutation

Answer 16

1. Adaptive
2. Maladaptive
3. Neutral

Question 17

Adaptive

Answer 17

increases the chances of reproduction in the individual carrying it

Question 18

Maladaptive

Answer 18

decrease the chances of reproduction in the individual carrying it

Question 19

Neutral

Answer 19

does not effect the chances of reproduction in the individual carrying it

Question 20

the same species

Answer 20

conspecifics

Question 21

It is defined as a group of similar organisms within which there is gene flow

Answer 21

Species

Question 22

Members of different species are _______ ____ from each other: they cannot breed together to produce fertile, viable offspring

Answer 22

Reproductively Isolated

Question 23

Preventing zygote formation

Answer 23

Prezygotic Isolationg Mechanisms

Question 24

Preventing hybrid offspring from surviving or reproducing

Answer 24

Postzygotic Isolating Mechanism

Question 25

All indivisuals of a single species living within a defined area

Answer 25

Population

Question 26

All the populations of living organisms living within a defined area

Answer 26

Community

Question 27

The interactions of the living communities with one another and with the inorganic environment, including water, air, climate, seasons, and the earth itself

Answer 27

Ecosystem

Question 28

It is a type of evolution that can proceed gradually, consisting of genetic changes within a population without the generation of new species

Answer 28

Microevolution

Question 29

It is a type of evolution if some members of a population change to the degree that they are able to interbreed only with each other, and no longer with the other members of their original population

Answer 29

Speciation (Macroevolution)

Question 30

Prey species

Answer 30

1. Beanus melanus (Black Bean) 2. Beanus albus (White Bean) 3. Zea mays (Corn seed) 4. Vigna radiata (Mung Bean)

Question 31

Predator species

Answer 31

1. Spoon-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape 2. Fork-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape 3. Scissor-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape 4. Chopstick-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape 5. Tong-Mouthed Bean-eating Ape

Question 32

Any characteristic or trait that gives an organism greater chances of surviving and reproducing than the available alternatives

Answer 32

Selective advantage

Question 33

The _____ coefficient (W) is the adaptive value of a particular species' phenotype

Answer 33

Fitness (W)

Question 34

The _____ (s) is a measure of selective pressure against a particular phenotype, relative to the others in the population

Answer 34

Selection (s)

Question 35

Selection coefficient is calculated as

Answer 35

1 - W