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Bio Lab Exam 3 > Lab 9 > Flashcards

Lab 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Only one plane of bisection produces left and right mirror image halves

A

Bilaterally symmetric

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2
Q

A characteristic of bilateral organisms is that the bost is polarized along two perpendicular axes the _____ axis and the ____ axis

A

anterior-posterior (head-tail)

dorsal-ventral (back-belly)

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3
Q

Flatworms are in phylum

A

Platyhelmithes

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4
Q

Roundworms are in phylum

A

Nematoda

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5
Q

Segmented worms are in phylum

A

Annelida

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6
Q

The tissue that gives rise to the covering of the animal

A

ectoderm

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7
Q

Gives tise to the lining of the digestive tract

A

endoderm

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8
Q

Forms the muscles and most other organs between the gut and outer covering

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

Flatworms lack an internal body cavity, apart from an incomplete digestive tract and as such are referred to as

A

acoelomates

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10
Q

Roundworms have a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm. This type of body cavity is referred to as

A

pseudocoel

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11
Q

Annelids have a body cavity that develops entirely within the mesodermal layer. Their body cavity is referred to as a

A

true coelom

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12
Q

Animals with a true coelom including mollusks, echinoderms, arthropods, and chordates are called

A

coelomates

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13
Q

The cavity in the endoderm is called the

A

alimentary canal

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14
Q

A body cavity can also serve as a ___ particularly in soft-bodied worms like nematodes and annelids.

A

hydrostatic skeleton

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15
Q

Uses muscular contractions to displace fluid within a cavity, thereby exerting force and changing the shape of the cavity

A

hydrostatic skeleton

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16
Q

Flatworms exhibit ___ and a level of complexity that exceeds that found in Radiata and Porifera

A

cephalization

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17
Q

Flatworms lack a circulatory system and thus are ____ with respect to transportation of nutrients and oxygen

A

diffusion-limited

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18
Q

Individuals in most species of flatworms are ___ they have male and female structures

A

monoecious/hermaphroditic

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19
Q

Many flatworms are ___ living within the bodies of other animals. Some examples mentioned ___

A

Parasitic

FLukes and tapeworms

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20
Q

____ flatworms feed on small animal and organic debris such as class Turbellaria

A

Free-living

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21
Q

Free living flatworms found in marine environments

A

Turbellarians

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22
Q

A flatworm commonly known as planaria, is found in freshwater, what we looked at in lab.

A

Dugesia

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23
Q

The head of the Dugesia flatworm has lateral lobes and light-sensitive ____

A

eyespots

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24
Q

How does the Dugesia flatworm move

A

cilia on their ventral surface and muscle contractions

25
Q

Also known as flukes, parasitize vertebrates, including humans. Can exist as endoparasites or ectoparasites

A

Trematodes

26
Q

The life cycle of Trematodes is complex. The first intermediate host is typically a ____ If a second intermediate host is involved it is usually a(n) _____. A ___ is always the final or definitive host.

A

Snail
Arthropod or fish
vertebrate

27
Q

General life cycle of Trematoda

A

Zygote, miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria, adult

28
Q

Fasciola commonly known as ____ sucks blood a, mucus, and cells from infected sheep and cattle.

A

Sheep liver fluke

29
Q

The primary jobs of any parasite is

A

to take up nutrients and produce tons of eggs

30
Q

O. sinensis Infection in humans may result from consumption of raw or undercooked fish. Heavy infection may cause cirrhosis of the liver and death

A

Oriental liver fluke

31
Q

Schistosoma aka ____ inhabits the intestinal veins and other organs of their host causing enlargement of the spleen, liver, and bladder as well as bleeding ulcers and an overall nutrient deficiency.

A

Human blood fluke

32
Q

The most evolutionarily derived flatworm taxa. Also known as tapeworms.

A

Class Cestoda

Phylum platyhelminthes,

33
Q

The ribbon-like body of tapeworms is divided into an anterior ____ which has hooks and suckers for attachment, a narrow neck where growth initiates, and a chain of serially repeating segments called ____

A

scolex

proglottids

34
Q

The most abundant and diverse animal taxa.

A

Nematodes

35
Q

The nematode body plan is simple. A body cavity known as a ___ occupies the space between the body wall musculature and the gut

A

pseudocoel

36
Q

Most nematodes move ___ and ___ using sinuous, eel-like undulations produced by alternating contractions of dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles.

A

forward and backward

37
Q

Turbatrix, aka ____ is a free living nematode that feeds on bacteria and yeast in dead organic matter. Able to live in acidic environments

A

The vinegar eel

38
Q

Ascaris aka ____ infects humans and is spread through feces. Moderate infections lead to malnutrition while heavy infections may result in intestinal blockages.

A

Intestinal ROundworm (dissected in lab)

39
Q

The smallest nematode parasites of humans, rodents, and other carnivorous animals. Causes the disease trichinosis. Lives in the host’s intestinal wall, is viviarousand its juveniles are carried by the blood to skeletal muscles where they encyst.

A

Trichinella spiralis

40
Q

Other parasitic nematodes include the ___ Necator (causes anemia), and the ___ Enterobius (found in the intestines of children).

A

Hookworms

Pinworms

41
Q

____ inhabit the lymph glands and other tissues of vertebrates usually birds and mammals.

A

Filarial worms

42
Q

____ can cause elephantiasis

A

Wuchereria

43
Q

Dirofilaria aka ___ infects the heart and pulmonary tissues of dogs

A

Heart worm

44
Q

Diversification in annelids evolved in conjunction with ___ the construction of a body from a series of modular sections

A

Segmentation

45
Q

An advantage of a segmented body is that the development and function of individual units an be more ___

A

precisely controlled

46
Q

Segmentation also allows for an improved ___ because the coelomic cavity is divided into fluid-filled compartments that can be controlled

A

hydrostatic skeleton

47
Q

To move annelids contract ___ and _____

A

circular muscles and longitudinal muscles

48
Q

Annelids also have a ___ that carries blood from one segment to another

A

closed circulatory system

49
Q

In Annelids a ___ connects ganglia in each segment with one another and with the regions that are specialized for different functions

A

ventral nerve cord

50
Q

Class ___ exhibit a stunning array of forms. Found exclusively in marine environments

A

Polychaeta

51
Q

A defining feature polychaetes is that each segment of the body has a pair of ____

A

Parapodia

52
Q

Fleshy lateral outgrowths of the body wall that are typically used for locomotion

A

Parapodia

53
Q

Projecting from the parapodia are many small bristles called ___ which serve to anchor the animal during locomotion

A

setae

54
Q

The class containing earthworms and leeches

A

Class Clitellata

55
Q

Contribute to the decomposition of organic matter and the aeration and enrichment of soil

A

Earthworm

Oligochaeta

56
Q

The crop of the Earthworm is used for ___ the gizzard is used for grinding

A

food storage

57
Q

The ___ is a series of swollen segments used for reproduction

A

clittelum

58
Q

Sperm of the Oligochaetes is produced in ____ and accepted in

A

seminal vesicles

seminal receptacles

59
Q

Hirudinea aka ___ are blood suckers but also feed on other small invertebrates. Is dorsoventrally flat. Secretes anticoagulants. Have a clitellum that is only obvious during reproduction

A

Leeches

Bio Lab Exam 3 (3 decks)

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