Lab 8

Question 1

Animals in the phylum Porifera are commonly kown as

Answer 1

sponges

Question 2

Because of their structural simplicity,sponges are said to exhibit a ____

Answer 2

cellular level of organization

Question 3

Animals in phylum Cnidaria exhibit ____ because they have muscles and nerves but lack organs

Answer 3

tissue-level organization

Question 4

Two features unique to Cnidarians is that they have ____ symmetry and they are ____ which mans they have two germ layers

Answer 4

radial

diploblastic

Question 5

Describes animals in which three germ layers are produced in embryonic development

Answer 5

Triploblastic

Question 6

Ectoderm and endoderm are produced during embryonic development

Answer 6

Diploblastic

Question 7

Sessile organisms that attach themselves to rocks and other substrates with their sac-like body supported by water

Answer 7

Sponges

Question 8

Sponges support comes from a skeleton made of inorganic ___ or i some cases interconnecting collagen fibers known as _____

Answer 8

spicules

spongin

Question 9

The name __ refers to the fact that a sponge’s body is little more that a sac perforated by numerous pores and chambers through which a steady flow of water is passed into the body.

Answer 9

Porifera

Question 10

A epithelial layer forms the outer wall Pores are formed by porocytes that extend through the unfolded body wall.

Answer 10

Simple Sponge

Question 11

Cells with a flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli that traps food particles. Called ____ circulate water and filter microscopically small food particles.

Answer 11

choanocytes

Question 12

Sponges have a ____ fo attachment and an opening called a ____ surrounded by long spicules

Answer 12

Basal end

osculum

Question 13

On a cross section of a simple sponge Grantia the opening which runs the entire length down the center of the sponge is the __.

Answer 13

spogocoel

Question 14

The pores ____ that allow water to enter _____ of a ponge

Answer 14

dermal ostia

incurrent canals

Question 15

Adjacent to each incurrent canal of a sponge is a ____ separated by a layer of cells

Answer 15

radial canal

Question 16

In sponges water passes through a layer of cells by way of special cells called

Answer 16

porocytes

Question 17

Radial canals are lined by flagellated cells called

Answer 17

choanocytes

Question 18

Inside a sponge the remaining water and indigestible materials pass along the radial canals to the spongocoel and then out through the

Answer 18

osculum

Question 19

What is the flow of water through a sponge ?

Answer 19

Dermal ostium
Incurrent canals 
Porocyte
Radial canals
Choanocytes
Amoebocyte
Spongocoel
Ostium

Question 20

The simplest body plan of sponges is known as ____. Small tube shaped, and have a limited internal surface area over which to filter food

Answer 20

asconoid

Question 21

Some sponges have overcome size limitation by the evolution of folds in their body walls

Answer 21

Syconoid

Question 22

Sponges which represent the majority of the species, exhibit even more folding including a complex labyrinth of internal chambers

Answer 22

Leuconoid

Question 23

The classification of sponges is based on the

Answer 23

shape and composition of their spicules

Question 24

The only class of sponge with spicules composed of calcium carbonate. Spicules are needle-shaped with three or four prongs. Sponges in this class are typically small and include the three levels of body complexity. These sponges are found in shallow coastal waters.

Answer 24

Class Calcarea

Question 25

These sponges have six-rayed spicules made from silica, they are more symmetrical and can be shaped like a cup or urn. Their body structure is syconoid or leuconoid but never asconoid. This sponge is where young male and female shrimp often live

Answer 25

Class Hexactinellida

Question 26

This class of sponge includes 95% of all sponge species. All are leuconoid. Their skeletons consist of spongin fibers, siliceous spicules or a combo of both. Spicules are never 6 rayed. This class includes the “bath” sponge

Answer 26

Class Demospongiae

Question 27

Some sponges are ___ which means they produce both male and female gametes

Answer 27

Hermaphroditic

Question 28

Asexual reproduction of sponges consists of _____ or the release of ____ in the autumn

Answer 28

budding

gemmules

Question 29

Aggregates of amoebocytes covered by a hard spongin-like material and covered with spicules

Answer 29

Gemmules

Question 30

With the onset of winter parent sponges will ___ but their gemmules can withstand freezing and develop into mature sponges in the following spring

Answer 30

disintegrate

Question 31

In Cnidarians the central point is a mouth that extends into the _____

Answer 31

gastrovascular cavity

Question 32

These animals lack an anus and surrounding the central mouth are tentacles lined with stinging cells called cnidocytes

Answer 32

Cnidaria

Question 33

Stinging cells called cnidocytes contain small barbed structures called ___ that are coiled threads that can be discharged like tiny harpoons

Answer 33

nematocycts

Question 34

The body wall of Cnidarians consists of two layers of cells an outer _____ for protections and an inner ___ for digestion.. Between these two layers is a jelly-like ___ which is particularly thick in jellyfish

Answer 34

epidermis
gastrodermis
mesoglea

Question 35

Cnidarians as a group have two basic body forms the sessile ____ and he free-swimming ____

Answer 35

polyp

medusa

Question 36

Cnidarians that adhere to a substrate by their aboral surface with mouth and tentacles extended for feeding

Answer 36

POlyps

Question 37

Cnidarians that are free-swimming and disc or umbrella-shaped with mouth and tentacles on the lower surface

Answer 37

Medusa

Question 38

Many Cnidarians alternate between the two forms polyp and medusa and are called

Answer 38

Polymorphic

Question 39

This class includes hydras and Obelia. The polyp is the predominant form but most have a medusa stage as well.

Answer 39

Class Hydrozoa

Question 40

Commonly referred to as jellyfish, have a life cycle that emphasizes medusa over polyps

Answer 40

Class Scyphozoa

Question 41

Represented by sea-anemones and corals, express only the poly form

Answer 41

Class Anthozoa

Question 42

Commonly found in shallow freshwater ponds. Use their stinging cnidocytes o capture small invertebrate prey. Lack a medusa stage.

Answer 42

Phylum Cnidarian
Class Hydrozoa
Hydra

Question 43

A colonial form found in shallow marine waters attached to substrates such as seaweed or rocks. Alternates between medusa and polyp form. The medusa is the sexual stage. Has two types of polyps; feeding polyps and reproductive polyps

Answer 43

Phylum Cnidarian
Class Hydrozoa
Obelia

Question 44

Feeding polyps are called ____ and reproductive polyps are called ____

Answer 44

gastrozooids

gonozooids

Question 45

Commonly known as the Portuguese Man-of-War, resembles a jellyfish but is actually a floating colony of highly integrated polymorphic polyps and medusoids. SOme form a gas-filled sac and others have long tentacles. Tentacles are armed with a battery of cnidocytes.

Answer 45

Phylum Cnidaria
Class Hydrozoa
Physalia

Question 46

The gas-filled chamber of the Portuguese Man-of-War is called a

Answer 46

pneumatophore

Question 47

True jellyfish. The medusa stage dominates. Are mostly free swimming marine organisms.

Answer 47

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Scyphozoa

Question 48

In class Scyphozoa food is swept up to the mouth by ciliated ____ After the food is digested in the gastrovascular cavity, nutrients are transported around the body via a system of _____ and the ___.

Answer 48

oral arms
radial canals
circular canal

Question 49

If you look closely at the tentacles fringing Aurelia’s body you will notice 8 small gaps in the tentacles. Each gap contains a ___ which is sensitive to light, chemicals, and body position

Answer 49

Sense organs

Question 50

Solitary (sea anemones) or modularly colonial (corals) marine organisms. Non-polymorphic exhibit only the polyp form. May or may not secrete an external supporting calyx of calcium carbonate in which they are embedded.

Answer 50

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Anthozoa