Lab 9

Question 1

topical oral solutions are primarily intended for what kind of effect?

Answer 1

local effect at the site of application

(oral cavity, nasal, opthalmic, or skin)

Question 2

local effects of oral topical solutions are usually designed to treat ___ and ____

Answer 2

haliotosis and to remove plaque from the teeth and gums

Question 3

oral topical preparations containing MENTHOL do what?

Answer 3

give a COOLING effect and are used for freshness

Question 4

_____ and ____ mouthwashes cause irritation of the mouth mucosa especially in the presence of mouth sores

Answer 4

ALCOHOLIC and HYPERTONIC mouthwashes

Question 5

anti ____ and anti _____ Action helps to reduce the buildup of plaque, prevent gum disease, and protect against tooth decay

Answer 5

anti-bacterial and anti-caries

Question 6

true or false

most mouthwashes, gargles, and saliva substitutes are OTC and available without a prescription

Answer 6

true

Question 7

explain the histology of the oral cavity

Answer 7

-lined by an epithelial mucosal membrane (which may or may not be keratinized)

-underlying connective tissue layer

Question 8

how is the surface of the oral cavity kept moist?

Answer 8

with MUCUS that is produced by the major and numerous minor salivary galnds

Question 9

explain how saliva is a cleanser

Answer 9

saliva is a MECHANICAL cleanser for cleaning the food and debris from the oral cavity

Question 10

true or false

the oral mucosa is not very well supplied with nerve endings

Answer 10

false – very well supplied

also, dorsal surface of tongue has special sensory endings for taste (taste buds)

Question 11

give the definition of mouthwashes

Answer 11

solutions for the mouth that are swished or rinsed in the mouth

Question 12

name the ___ main types of mouthwashes:

Answer 12

2 types:

cosmetic and therapeutic

Question 13

differentiate between cosmetic and therapeutic mouthwashes

Answer 13

cosmetic – may temporarily control bad breath and leave a pleasant taste. Have NO chemical or biological application beyond their temporary benefit

therapeutic — have active ingredients intended to control or reduce conditions like bad breath, gingivitis, plaque, and tooth decay

cosmetic mouthwashes are ALWAYS OTC

therapeutic mouthwashes can either be OTC or RX

Question 14

explain what an anticavity mouthwash is and what it contains

Answer 14

anticavity mouthwashes contain active ingredients that prevent TOOTH DECAY such as—

-cetylpyridinium chloride
-chlorhexidine
-essential oils
-fluoride
-peroxide

used to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and are used to treat MOUTH INFECTIONS AND BAD BREATH

Question 15

_____ is commonly used as an antibacterial

Answer 15

alcohol

Question 16

besides:
-inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms

-treat mouth infections and bad breath

what else are cetylpyridinium, chlorhexidine, essential oils, fluoride, and peroxide used for?

Answer 16

to maintain oral pH and provide relief for mouth sores

Question 17

mouthwashes supplied in a concentrated form must be ____ before use

Answer 17

diluted

Question 18

sugar free preparations are preferred.
why?

Answer 18

to prevent tooth decay

Question 19

for sugar free products, ____ and ____ are used as sweetening agents

Answer 19

artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols

Question 20

what are gargles?

Answer 20

generally HYPERTONIC solutions used to decrease inflammation and relieve sore throat

Question 21

ANTIBIOTIC solutions and mouthwashes generally require a prescription and are used to treat _____ and _____

Answer 21

local pain (lidocaine)

buccal infection (nystatin)

Question 22

true or false

gargles may or may not be swallowed

Answer 22

true – appropriate labeling is essential

Question 23

oral preparations for these populations—-
are generally sterile

Answer 23

-neonates
-premature
-immunodeficient

Question 24

what is the definition of sterile

Answer 24

absence of bacteria

Question 25

true or false

some oral and topical pharmaceutical preparationsa re non-sterile

Answer 25

tru e

Question 26

oral products must be tested for what 3 things:

Answer 26

-microbial count in the product

-effectiveness of the preservative

-absence of pathogens (e coli, s. aureus, pseudomonas)

Question 27

what is the function of humectants and give an example of a humectant used in oral topical solutions

Answer 27

humectants — can relieve the symptoms of dry mouth

ex: glyceirn

Question 28

what is the function of sweeteners in oral topical solutions

Answer 28

-improve the palatability and aid in patient acceptance

Question 29

aromatic oils used to flavor topical oral products are _____ in water and are available as ___ or ____

Answer 29

aromatic oils used to flavor topical oral products are INSOLUBLE in water and available as solubilized oils OR as spirits

Question 30

what are spirits?

Answer 30

alcoholic solutions of aromatic oils

Question 31

what happens when aromatic spirits are diluted with water?

Answer 31

they tend to precipitate

Question 32

explain how aromatic waters are prepared

Answer 32

by diluting the aromatic spirits with water to form a SATURATED AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE OIL in the presence of a filter aid

Question 33

what is the function of the filter aid

Answer 33

increased rate of solution and ADSORBS the precipitated insoluble substances (excess oil, terpenes, etc)

Question 34

aromatic waters are used as vehicles to do what?

Answer 34

vehicles to dissolve water soluble ingredients and make up the final product volume

Question 35

what are SOLUBILIZED VOLATILE OILS

Answer 35

concentrated solutions of volatile oils.

contain surfactants/solubilizers, making them water miscible

Question 36

which are more concentrated — solubilized volatile oils or aromatic waters?

Answer 36

solubilized volatile oils are at least 40 times more concentrated

Question 37

what is solubilized rose oil

Answer 37

a mixture of natural rose oils and synthetic oils and alcohol.

intended for topical use and should not be ingested orally

made by:
diluting solubilized rose water at a ratio of 1:100