Lab 9 Flashcards
topical oral solutions are primarily intended for what kind of effect?
local effect at the site of application
(oral cavity, nasal, opthalmic, or skin)
local effects of oral topical solutions are usually designed to treat ___ and ____
haliotosis and to remove plaque from the teeth and gums
oral topical preparations containing MENTHOL do what?
give a COOLING effect and are used for freshness
_____ and ____ mouthwashes cause irritation of the mouth mucosa especially in the presence of mouth sores
ALCOHOLIC and HYPERTONIC mouthwashes
anti ____ and anti _____ Action helps to reduce the buildup of plaque, prevent gum disease, and protect against tooth decay
anti-bacterial and anti-caries
true or false
most mouthwashes, gargles, and saliva substitutes are OTC and available without a prescription
true
explain the histology of the oral cavity
-lined by an epithelial mucosal membrane (which may or may not be keratinized)
-underlying connective tissue layer
how is the surface of the oral cavity kept moist?
with MUCUS that is produced by the major and numerous minor salivary galnds
explain how saliva is a cleanser
saliva is a MECHANICAL cleanser for cleaning the food and debris from the oral cavity
true or false
the oral mucosa is not very well supplied with nerve endings
false – very well supplied
also, dorsal surface of tongue has special sensory endings for taste (taste buds)
give the definition of mouthwashes
solutions for the mouth that are swished or rinsed in the mouth
name the ___ main types of mouthwashes:
2 types:
cosmetic and therapeutic
differentiate between cosmetic and therapeutic mouthwashes
cosmetic – may temporarily control bad breath and leave a pleasant taste. Have NO chemical or biological application beyond their temporary benefit
therapeutic — have active ingredients intended to control or reduce conditions like bad breath, gingivitis, plaque, and tooth decay
cosmetic mouthwashes are ALWAYS OTC
therapeutic mouthwashes can either be OTC or RX
explain what an anticavity mouthwash is and what it contains
anticavity mouthwashes contain active ingredients that prevent TOOTH DECAY such as—
-cetylpyridinium chloride
-chlorhexidine
-essential oils
-fluoride
-peroxide
used to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and are used to treat MOUTH INFECTIONS AND BAD BREATH
_____ is commonly used as an antibacterial
alcohol
besides:
-inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms
-treat mouth infections and bad breath
what else are cetylpyridinium, chlorhexidine, essential oils, fluoride, and peroxide used for?
to maintain oral pH and provide relief for mouth sores
mouthwashes supplied in a concentrated form must be ____ before use
diluted
sugar free preparations are preferred.
why?
to prevent tooth decay
for sugar free products, ____ and ____ are used as sweetening agents
artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols
what are gargles?
generally HYPERTONIC solutions used to decrease inflammation and relieve sore throat
ANTIBIOTIC solutions and mouthwashes generally require a prescription and are used to treat _____ and _____
local pain (lidocaine)
buccal infection (nystatin)
true or false
gargles may or may not be swallowed
true – appropriate labeling is essential
oral preparations for these populations—-
are generally sterile
-neonates
-premature
-immunodeficient
what is the definition of sterile
absence of bacteria
true or false
some oral and topical pharmaceutical preparationsa re non-sterile
tru e
oral products must be tested for what 3 things:
-microbial count in the product
-effectiveness of the preservative
-absence of pathogens (e coli, s. aureus, pseudomonas)
what is the function of humectants and give an example of a humectant used in oral topical solutions
humectants — can relieve the symptoms of dry mouth
ex: glyceirn
what is the function of sweeteners in oral topical solutions
-improve the palatability and aid in patient acceptance
aromatic oils used to flavor topical oral products are _____ in water and are available as ___ or ____
aromatic oils used to flavor topical oral products are INSOLUBLE in water and available as solubilized oils OR as spirits
what are spirits?
alcoholic solutions of aromatic oils
what happens when aromatic spirits are diluted with water?
they tend to precipitate
explain how aromatic waters are prepared
by diluting the aromatic spirits with water to form a SATURATED AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF THE OIL in the presence of a filter aid
what is the function of the filter aid
increased rate of solution and ADSORBS the precipitated insoluble substances (excess oil, terpenes, etc)
aromatic waters are used as vehicles to do what?
vehicles to dissolve water soluble ingredients and make up the final product volume
what are SOLUBILIZED VOLATILE OILS
concentrated solutions of volatile oils.
contain surfactants/solubilizers, making them water miscible
which are more concentrated — solubilized volatile oils or aromatic waters?
solubilized volatile oils are at least 40 times more concentrated
what is solubilized rose oil
a mixture of natural rose oils and synthetic oils and alcohol.
intended for topical use and should not be ingested orally
made by:
diluting solubilized rose water at a ratio of 1:100
