Lab 8 Vertebrates

Question 1

The scientific names of:

• wrist
• fingers and toes
• jaw
• tail bone
• shoulder
• shin
• hip
• knee
• knuckles
• thigh

Answer 1

• carpals
• phalanges
• mandible
• coccyx
• clavicle
• tibia
• ilium
• patella
• metacarpals
• femur

Question 2

Three kinds of teeth

Answer 2

1. Incisors- found in front, and are for bitting or nipping
2. Canines- enlarged and pointed, and are used for ripping and earing
3. Molariform (molars and premolars)- farther back in the mouth, and are used for crushing and grinding.

herbivore: eats plants
carnivore: eats meat
omnivore: eats both plants and meat

Question 3

Skeletal specializations of birds

Answer 3

• hollow bones
• large sternum for flight muscles
• no teeth
• less movable joints

Question 4

Oviparous

Answer 4

an animal that lays eggs

Question 5

viviparous

Answer 5

young that develops inside of the mother, obtaining nourishment from her through an attachment and are born not hatched (live-birth)

Question 6

Ovoviviparous

Answer 6

Eggs are retained within the mother, hatch inside of her, live off of yolk and then live young are born.

Question 7

Heterothermic

Answer 7

“cold-blooded” temperature varies depending on surrounding.

Question 8

Homeothermic

Answer 8

“warm-blooded” and maintaining a constant temperature despite external factors.

Question 9

Class: Agnatha

Answer 9

lamprey, hag fish

• no jaws, but sucker-like mouth
• no paired fins
• eel-like
• slimy
• no scales
• endoskeleton
• heterothermic
• oviparous

Question 10

Class: Chondrichthyes

Answer 10

sharks, rays, skates

• cartilage skeleton
• small spiny scales
• large perctoral fins
• gill slits
• heterothermic
• oviparous

Question 11

Class: Osteichthyes

Answer 11

perch, tuna, trout, bass

• bony endoskeleton
• operculum covers gills
• large
• overlapping scales
• swim bladder
• heterothermic
• oviparous

Question 12

Class: Amphibia

Answer 12

frogs, roads, salamanders
0land adult
-aquatic larva
-no claws
-moist skin
-heterothermic
-oviparous

Question 13

Class: Reptilia

Answer 13

lizards, snakes, crocodiles
-land eggs
-dry
 scaly skin
-claws (except snakes)
-heterothermic 
-oviparous

Question 14

Class: Aves

Answer 14

finch, craw, robin, blue jay, hawk, seagull

• feathers,
• most can fly,
• homeothermic,
• land eggs,
• care for young
• oviparous

Question 15

Mammalia

Answer 15

mice, dogs, cats, humans

• hair
• mammary glands
• homeothermic
• live birth
• care for young
• viviparous, oviparous

Question 16

How many:
-cervical vertebrae 
-thoracic 
-lumbar
sacral 
caudal

Answer 16

• 7
• 12
• 5
• 5
• 4

Question 17

What kind of joint are:

• hip joint (pelvis + femur)
• elbow (humerus + ulna)
• elbow (humerus + radius)
• cranium (temporal + parietal)
• knee cap (patella)
• shoulder (humerus + scapula)
• wrist (carpals)

Answer 17

• ball and socket
• hinge
• ball and socket
• immovable
• gliding
• ball and socket
• gliding

Question 18

What skeletal structure are the flight muscles attached to in a bird, and how it is different from a humans?

Answer 18

Sternum. It’s shaped like a U instead of being straight.

Question 19

Name the bones of a chicken

• Thigh
• drumstick
• breast
• back
• wishbone

Answer 19

• femur
• tibia-tarsus
• sternum
• synsacrum
• fercula