Lab 11 Blood and Brains Flashcards
universal donor blood type
O
most common blood type in the US
O
Hematocrit
a measurement of the percentage of cells compared to plasma.
- The average percentage for a population is 45% cells and 55% plasma; thus a a hematocrit of 45.
- Normal range for women 35-49 (av. 42)
- Normal range for men 40-54 (av 48)
Why the pulse and respiratory system speeds up during exercise
To increase oxygen (and sugar) to your muscles (and somewhat to remove wastes faster). Essentially to enable your muscles to increase their rate of aerobic respiration to provide energy for the extra muscle contraction.
Blood pressure
is a measurement of the force with the pumping heart exerts upon the arteries.
-two components: systolic-highest pressure, and diastolic-lower but constant pressure
Normal blood pressure reading 120(plus or minus 10)/70 (plus or minus 10).
arteries
transport blood away from the heart
veins
bring blood toward the heart
capillaries
the smallest blood vessels and connect aterioles (small arteries) to venules (smallest veins).
-diffuse materials (oxygen, food, etc).
How can you distinguis arterioles from venules in the fist tail
The arterioles would be going away from the heart and the venules would go toward.
Explain why when you held the distal end closed, the vein did not refill from the other end.
One-way valves prevent blood from flowing back into the vein at the end closest to the body, and your finger stops the usual flow at the end closest to your hand.
Explain why veins appear to be green.
De-oxygenated blood is in the veins, giving the hemoglobin a greenish color.
Cerebrum
A-1 . Frontal Lobe: consciousness; decision making; initiation of motor commands
A-2. Perietal Lobe: perception of touch; many associations.
A-3. Occipital Lobe: perception of vision
A-4. Temporal Lobe: perception of hearing, smell, taste; memory processing
Cerebellum
muscle coordination; learning of physical skills.
Medulla Oblongata
automatic control of internal, bodily functions (e.g. Respiratory and heart rate).
Pons:
enlarged area to accommodate fibers communicating between the cerebrum, and the spinal cord.
Reticular Activating System
filters out “unimportant” incoming sensory information; stimulates cerebrum to stay conscious.
Thalamus
acts like a switchboard, routing incoming information to the proper brain regions.
Hypothalamus
acts as a liaison between the higher brain (cerebrum) and the body’s internal conditions; monitors the condition of the body by monitoring the blood; prompts the cerebrum by initiating basic drives and provoking our basic emotions (e.g. anger, fear).
Corpus Callosum
connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres; it is where the two halves of the cerebrum communicate with each other.
Olfactory Lobe
nerve tissue associated with the sense of smell
Optic chiasma
where tracts of the right and left optic nerve cross and enter the brain.
granulocytes
the most abundant WBC’s. The nuclei can have many different shapes, and is usually composed of three or four lobes connected by a tin strand.
lymphocytes
the next abundant WBC’s. They are the smallest, and have a large nucleus.
monocytes
the least abundant WBC’s, but are the largest.
PLATELETS.
NUMEROUS and are generally smaller than RBC’s and have an irregular shape
erythrocytes
red blood cells
