Lab 11 Blood and Brains

Question 1

universal donor blood type

Answer 1

O

Question 2

most common blood type in the US

Answer 2

O

Question 3

Hematocrit

Answer 3

a measurement of the percentage of cells compared to plasma.

• The average percentage for a population is 45% cells and 55% plasma; thus a a hematocrit of 45.
• Normal range for women 35-49 (av. 42)
• Normal range for men 40-54 (av 48)

Question 4

Why the pulse and respiratory system speeds up during exercise

Answer 4

To increase oxygen (and sugar) to your muscles (and somewhat to remove wastes faster). Essentially to enable your muscles to increase their rate of aerobic respiration to provide energy for the extra muscle contraction.

Question 5

Blood pressure

Answer 5

is a measurement of the force with the pumping heart exerts upon the arteries.
-two components: systolic-highest pressure, and diastolic-lower but constant pressure

Normal blood pressure reading 120(plus or minus 10)/70 (plus or minus 10).

Question 6

arteries

Answer 6

transport blood away from the heart

Question 7

veins

Answer 7

bring blood toward the heart

Question 8

capillaries

Answer 8

the smallest blood vessels and connect aterioles (small arteries) to venules (smallest veins).
-diffuse materials (oxygen, food, etc).

Question 9

How can you distinguis arterioles from venules in the fist tail

Answer 9

The arterioles would be going away from the heart and the venules would go toward.

Question 10

Explain why when you held the distal end closed, the vein did not refill from the other end.

Answer 10

One-way valves prevent blood from flowing back into the vein at the end closest to the body, and your finger stops the usual flow at the end closest to your hand.

Question 11

Explain why veins appear to be green.

Answer 11

De-oxygenated blood is in the veins, giving the hemoglobin a greenish color.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

A-1 . Frontal Lobe: consciousness; decision making; initiation of motor commands
A-2. Perietal Lobe: perception of touch; many associations.
A-3. Occipital Lobe: perception of vision
A-4. Temporal Lobe: perception of hearing, smell, taste; memory processing

Question 13

Cerebellum

Answer 13

muscle coordination; learning of physical skills.

Question 14

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 14

automatic control of internal, bodily functions (e.g. Respiratory and heart rate).

Question 15

Pons:

Answer 15

enlarged area to accommodate fibers communicating between the cerebrum, and the spinal cord.

Question 16

Reticular Activating System

Answer 16

filters out “unimportant” incoming sensory information; stimulates cerebrum to stay conscious.

Question 17

Thalamus

Answer 17

acts like a switchboard, routing incoming information to the proper brain regions.

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

acts as a liaison between the higher brain (cerebrum) and the body’s internal conditions; monitors the condition of the body by monitoring the blood; prompts the cerebrum by initiating basic drives and provoking our basic emotions (e.g. anger, fear).

Question 19

Corpus Callosum

Answer 19

connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres; it is where the two halves of the cerebrum communicate with each other.

Question 20

Olfactory Lobe

Answer 20

nerve tissue associated with the sense of smell

Question 21

Optic chiasma

Answer 21

where tracts of the right and left optic nerve cross and enter the brain.

Question 22

granulocytes

Answer 22

the most abundant WBC’s. The nuclei can have many different shapes, and is usually composed of three or four lobes connected by a tin strand.

Question 23

lymphocytes

Answer 23

the next abundant WBC’s. They are the smallest, and have a large nucleus.

Question 24

monocytes

Answer 24

the least abundant WBC’s, but are the largest.

Question 25

PLATELETS.

Answer 25

NUMEROUS and are generally smaller than RBC’s and have an irregular shape

Question 26

erythrocytes

Answer 26

red blood cells