Lab 8

Question 1

What happens to the shape of the earthworm with the circular muscle contract?

Answer 1

It flatens

Question 2

Why wouldn’t you find a Hydrostatic skeleton in the terrestrial animals that walk or run?

Answer 2

The hydrostatic skeleton is soft and flexible. We would not be able to stand for bones are soft. Therefore, we would not be able to walk or run

Question 2

Why wouldn’t you find a Hydrostatic skeleton in the terrestrial animals that walk or run?

Answer 2

The hydrostatic skeleton is soft and flexible. We would not be able to stand for bones are soft. Therefore, we would not be able to walk or run

Question 3

Describe the movement of the earthworm

Answer 3

When the longitudinal muscles contract (bunch) The setae anchor to the ground. When the circular muscles contract (flatten) the setae lift off of the ground. The contraction of the muscles compresses the fluid, raising its pressure and moving the worm forward

Question 4

Went to stimulate the anterior end of the worm with the toothpick it moves…

Answer 4

Backwards

Question 5

When you tilt the pan does the worm crawl uphill or downhill?

Answer 5

Uphill

Question 6

What is true about the exoskeleton of an arthropod?

Answer 6

It’s jointed, composed of chitin, can be molted, and is non living

Question 7

What is true about the exoskeleton of a mollusk?

Answer 7

It is composed of calcium carbonate and protein, it’s nonliving, and is rigid and lacks joints

Question 8

At the joints, the exoskeleton of the crayfish is thicker or thinner?

Answer 8

Thinner

Question 9

Marrow cavity

Answer 9

Cavity in diaphysis

Question 10

Articular cartilage

Answer 10

A thin layer of cartilage that covers the end

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

Enlarged ends

Question 12

Compact bone

Answer 12

A thin layer that surrounds the bone

Question 13

Diaphysis

Answer 13

The shaft

Question 14

Periosteum

Answer 14

A fibrous membrane that covers the bone

Question 15

Spongy bone

Answer 15

Porous bone found in the ends

Question 16

Yellow marrow

Answer 16

Fatty substance in marrow cavity

Question 17

What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?

Answer 17

The sponge bonus porous and the compact bone just covers the outside of the bone

Question 18

What is the advantage of having bones filled with spongy bone as opposed to compact bone?

Answer 18

Spongy bone makes the bones lighter

Question 19

Which tissue, bone or cartilage, do you think has a more effective system of nutrient delivery and removal of waste products?

Answer 19

Phone has a more effective system because it is more direct and can make blood. Whereas cartilage, has a diffusion process which is lower

Question 20

Why do fish have many ribs?

Answer 20

They have to be able to swim in a wavelike motion. It is also agile and protects their body

Question 21

Why can fish carry more muscle living in water than terrestrial vertebrates?

Answer 21

They have a lot of bones which allows them to have more muscle. They are more buoyant which allows them to be heavier

Question 22

Does a fish have four limbs?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

How do the attachments of the dorsal and caudal fin differ from that of the pelvic and pectoral fin?

Answer 23

The dorsal and caudal fins are fused to the vertebrae, meanwhile the pelvic and pectoral fin are attached to the girdle

Question 24

What kind of motion is produced when fish muscles contract in the sequence?

Answer 24

A wavelike motion

Question 25

What is the main force fish must overcome?

Answer 25

Friction

Question 26

Is the ilium attached to the frogs vertebral column?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

How is a lengthened and ilium adapted for frog locomotion?

Answer 27

It allows them to jump a farther distance, extend the legs further, and anything to do with hopping

Question 28

Which limbs are longer in the frog?

Answer 28

The hindlimbs

Question 29

What advantage does the fused radius and ulna offer in the frog?

Answer 29

It has more support for landing

Question 30

What is the most outstanding feature of the snake skeleton?

Answer 30

He has ribs all around his body which allows him to wrap around objects and move in the slithering motion

Question 31

What is the major difference between the skeleton of a snake, lizard, and turtle?

Answer 31

The snake only has ribs all throughout his body, the lizard has a vertebrae and limbs, and the turtles bones are fused with its shell such as it's spine

Question 32

How does this difference affect locomotion between the snake lizard and turtle?

Answer 32

They all move differently. The snake moves in a slithering motion, the lizard crawls and can climb, the turtle crawls but slowly

Question 33

Are birds backbones rigid or flexible?

Answer 33

Rigid

Question 34

How are birds adapted for flight

Answer 34

Since there are many bones fused to the backbone it makes the bird sturdy for flight and not for walking

Question 35

Why is the sternum so large?

Answer 35

It helps aid in flight which helps the pectoral muscle move

Question 36

Is the disarticulated bird bone heavy or light?

Answer 36

Light

Question 37

How is the disarticulated bird bone adapted it for flight?

Answer 37

It helps overcome gravity

Question 38

Is the cats backbone rigid or flexible?

Answer 38

Flexible

Question 39

How does the backbone relate to its locomotion patterns?

Answer 39

It allows for easy fluid motion

Question 40

Why does a cat have a tail?

Answer 40

To balance

Question 41

Three specific skeletal adaptations that allows humans to be bipeds

Answer 41

1. Larger legs relative to body support weight 2. Enlarged heels at foot bear the amount of weight 3. Vertebral column, without this we would always lean forward

Question 42

Describe the arrangement of muscles on the chicken wing

Answer 42

They completely cover the bone and are arranged in layers

Question 43

What happens when you pull on the tendons of the chicken wing?

Answer 43

It moves different sections of the wing. It extends the leg around the joint

Question 44

How does the movement of the chicken wing illustrate a lever system?

Answer 44

Because joints move one bone relative to the other