Lab 8 Flashcards
What happens to the shape of the earthworm with the circular muscle contract?
It flatens
Why wouldn’t you find a Hydrostatic skeleton in the terrestrial animals that walk or run?
The hydrostatic skeleton is soft and flexible. We would not be able to stand for bones are soft. Therefore, we would not be able to walk or run
Why wouldn’t you find a Hydrostatic skeleton in the terrestrial animals that walk or run?
The hydrostatic skeleton is soft and flexible. We would not be able to stand for bones are soft. Therefore, we would not be able to walk or run
Describe the movement of the earthworm
When the longitudinal muscles contract (bunch) The setae anchor to the ground. When the circular muscles contract (flatten) the setae lift off of the ground. The contraction of the muscles compresses the fluid, raising its pressure and moving the worm forward
Went to stimulate the anterior end of the worm with the toothpick it moves…
Backwards
When you tilt the pan does the worm crawl uphill or downhill?
Uphill
What is true about the exoskeleton of an arthropod?
It’s jointed, composed of chitin, can be molted, and is non living
What is true about the exoskeleton of a mollusk?
It is composed of calcium carbonate and protein, it’s nonliving, and is rigid and lacks joints
At the joints, the exoskeleton of the crayfish is thicker or thinner?
Thinner
Marrow cavity
Cavity in diaphysis
Articular cartilage
A thin layer of cartilage that covers the end
Epiphysis
Enlarged ends
Compact bone
A thin layer that surrounds the bone
Diaphysis
The shaft
Periosteum
A fibrous membrane that covers the bone
Spongy bone
Porous bone found in the ends
Yellow marrow
Fatty substance in marrow cavity
What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?
The sponge bonus porous and the compact bone just covers the outside of the bone
What is the advantage of having bones filled with spongy bone as opposed to compact bone?
Spongy bone makes the bones lighter
Which tissue, bone or cartilage, do you think has a more effective system of nutrient delivery and removal of waste products?
Phone has a more effective system because it is more direct and can make blood. Whereas cartilage, has a diffusion process which is lower
Why do fish have many ribs?
They have to be able to swim in a wavelike motion. It is also agile and protects their body
Why can fish carry more muscle living in water than terrestrial vertebrates?
They have a lot of bones which allows them to have more muscle. They are more buoyant which allows them to be heavier
Does a fish have four limbs?
Yes
How do the attachments of the dorsal and caudal fin differ from that of the pelvic and pectoral fin?
The dorsal and caudal fins are fused to the vertebrae, meanwhile the pelvic and pectoral fin are attached to the girdle
What kind of motion is produced when fish muscles contract in the sequence?
A wavelike motion
What is the main force fish must overcome?
Friction
Is the ilium attached to the frogs vertebral column?
Yes
How is a lengthened and ilium adapted for frog locomotion?
It allows them to jump a farther distance, extend the legs further, and anything to do with hopping
Which limbs are longer in the frog?
The hindlimbs
What advantage does the fused radius and ulna offer in the frog?
It has more support for landing
What is the most outstanding feature of the snake skeleton?
He has ribs all around his body which allows him to wrap around objects and move in the slithering motion
What is the major difference between the skeleton of a snake, lizard, and turtle?
The snake only has ribs all throughout his body, the lizard has a vertebrae and limbs, and the turtles bones are fused with its shell such as it’s spine
How does this difference affect locomotion between the snake lizard and turtle?
They all move differently. The snake moves in a slithering motion, the lizard crawls and can climb, the turtle crawls but slowly
Are birds backbones rigid or flexible?
Rigid
How are birds adapted for flight
Since there are many bones fused to the backbone it makes the bird sturdy for flight and not for walking
Why is the sternum so large?
It helps aid in flight which helps the pectoral muscle move
Is the disarticulated bird bone heavy or light?
Light
How is the disarticulated bird bone adapted it for flight?
It helps overcome gravity
Is the cats backbone rigid or flexible?
Flexible
How does the backbone relate to its locomotion patterns?
It allows for easy fluid motion
Why does a cat have a tail?
To balance
Three specific skeletal adaptations that allows humans to be bipeds
- Larger legs relative to body support weight
- Enlarged heels at foot bear the amount of weight
- Vertebral column, without this we would always lean forward
Describe the arrangement of muscles on the chicken wing
They completely cover the bone and are arranged in layers
What happens when you pull on the tendons of the chicken wing?
It moves different sections of the wing. It extends the leg around the joint
How does the movement of the chicken wing illustrate a lever system?
Because joints move one bone relative to the other
