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Biology 116 > lab 11 > Flashcards

lab 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does a hydra eat?

A

By shooting a nematocyst from its tentacles that stings the prey and paralyzes it. The tentacle bring the food to its mouth located at the top of the hydra. As the food is eaten it enters the gastrovascular cavity which is located in the body column

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2
Q

Two disadvantages of having a single opening to the digestive cavity?

A
  1. It is not efficient because they have to wait to eat again
  2. Food and wastes are mixed together
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3
Q

Mouth

A

Anterior opening for food intake

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4
Q

Pharynx

A

Muscular tube that produces suction to bring in dirt

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5
Q

Esophagus

A

Propels food from the pharynx to the crop

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6
Q

Crop

A

Storage sac for food and softens it

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7
Q

Gizzard

A

Used for mechanical digestion, grinding food into smaller pieces

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8
Q

Intestine

A

Secretes enzymes for chemical digestion, also necessary for absorption of nutrients into blood

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9
Q

Anus

A

Releases digestive system wastes

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10
Q

How does an earthworm eliminate its nitrogenous wastes?

A

The nephridia are organs that filter out the nitrogenous waste from the blood and then gets rid of it in the the form of urine to “tiny” pores in the skin

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11
Q

What type of urine do earthworms produce?

A

Dilute and hypotonic

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12
Q

Why is it necessary for earthworms that live in a moist environment to excrete dilute urine

A

They tend to make alot of ammonia which is toxic to the body so it results in the rapid removal of highly toxic ammonia

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13
Q

What tube-like structures produce urine in the mammalian kidney?

A

Nephrons

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14
Q

What is the function of the Interstitial Cells?

A

To produce testosterone

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15
Q

Zygote

A

Name for a fertilized egg

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16
Q

Morula

A

Solid ball of cells

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17
Q

Blastula

A

Hollow ball of cells

18
Q

Gastrulation

A

Stage in which primary germ layers develop

19
Q

Gastrula

A

Stage characterized by an inward folding to form a digestive cavity

20
Q

Difference between an unfertilized egg and a fertilized egg

A

The fertilized egg has a membrane around it created by the sperm

21
Q

How does the position of the rats eyes on its head compare to the position of your eyes?

A

The rat has eyes the bulge from the head, whereas we do not

21
Q

How does the position of the rats eyes on its head compare to the position of your eyes?

A

The rat has eyes the bulge from the head, whereas we do not

22
Q

What is the advantage to the rat of having eyes that bulge from the head and large pupils?

A

They can see in the dark and can also see more of its surroundings

23
Q

Example of a digitigrade animal

A

Dog

24
Q

Are humans digitigrade or plantigrade animals?

A

Plantigrade

25
Q

Incisor

A

Cut/bite food

26
Q

Molars

A

Grind food

27
Q

The Pharynx is a component of which two body systems?

A

The respiratory and digestive system

28
Q

Function of the diaphragm

A

The main muscle used for breathing

29
Q

What tissue makes up the bulk of the heart

A

Cardiac tissue

30
Q

Why does the trachea have rings around it?

A

To prevent it from collapsing, keeping it open for air to flow in and out

31
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Carries food, liquids and saliva from the mouth to the stomach

32
Q

Function of the stomach

A

Stores the food and adds gastric juices such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin enzymes

33
Q

Function of the small intestine

A

Where most of digestion and absorption takes place. It is 20 feet long but small in diameter. Structures called the villi absorb nutrients and minerals from the food

34
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

Absorbs water and makes feces

35
Q

Why is the small intestine so long

A

It is where most of digestion happens and it increases the surface area for absorption

36
Q

What substance secreted by the liver and what is its function

A

Bile is secreted and it breaks fat down into small pieces and aids in fat absorption

37
Q

Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland

A

It is both

38
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

It’s secretes hormones, insulin and glycogen, to control blood sugar levels throughout the day

39
Q

What is that exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

It excretes enzymes to break down macromolecules into food

40
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secretes enzymes which is poured directly at the site of action and controls short-term activity

41
Q

Endocrine gland

A

It pours secretion directly into the blood, secretes hormones, and controls long term activity

Biology 116 (7 decks)

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