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pharmacy practice lab ii > Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what USP chapter described lotions?

A

1151

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2
Q

USP chapter 1151 describes lotions as….

A

emulsified dosage form that is generally intended for external application on the skin

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3
Q

true or false

lotions have similar properties to creams

A

true

however, lotions are more fluid and pourable

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4
Q

which are more spreadable - lotions or creams? which can be applied to a large skin area?

A

lotions for both

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5
Q

what kind of emulsions are lotions?

A

O/W

they contain a large amount of water

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6
Q

true or false

lotions do not require preservatives

A

false - they do

they are O/W emulsions and thus contain a lot of free water

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7
Q

true or false

calamine lotion is a lotion

A

false

it’s technically not the USP definition of a lotion.
it is a topical suspension and not a lotion

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8
Q

what USP chapter describes creams?

A

USP 1151

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9
Q

USP chapter 1151 describes creams as…

A

emulsified dosage forms for external application

contain more than 20% water and volatiles

contain LESS than 50% hydrocarbons, waxes, and fatty alcohols

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10
Q

creams are relatively _____ and have a ____ consistency

A

relatively soft and have a spreadable consistency

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11
Q

where are creams intended for?

A

the skin and the mucous membranes

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12
Q

what are the different types of creams?

A

washable and non-washable creams

washable = O/W emulsions

nonwashable = W/O emulsion

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13
Q

classify surfactants

A

anionic
cationic
nonionic
amphoteric

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14
Q

name some anionic surfactants

A

sodium oleate (soap)
SLS
natural sources = soaps

the hydrophilic head is ANIONIC

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15
Q

Give an example of a cationic surfactant

A

benzalkonium chloride
hydrophilic head is cationic

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16
Q

give an example of a nonionic surfactant

A

TWEEN 20 (polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate)

hydrophilic head has NO CHARGE

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17
Q

Explain the structure of an amphoteric surfactant

A

the hydrophilic head has both anionic and cationic charges

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18
Q

the HYDRATED stratum corneum has an affinity for what kind of drugs?

A

both hydrophilic and lipophilic

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19
Q

name 3 factors that affect the release of the drug from the ointment base

A

drug properties
the ointment base
the skin type

20
Q

explain how the drug properties can affect its release from the ointment base

A

the partition coefficient of the drug
the concentration of the drug in the product

21
Q

most drugs are hydrophilic or hydrophobic in nature??

A

hydrophobic

22
Q

true or false

hydrophobic drugs are generally released faster from a hydrophobic base as compared to a hydrophilic base

A

FALSE

hydrophobic drug is released faster from a hydrophilic base

23
Q

hydrophobic drugs will be released faster from which type of base?

-O/W emulsion
-oleaginous base

A

O/W emulsion

24
Q

will hydrophobic drugs be released relatively quickly from a water miscible base?

A

yes

25
Q

will hydrophobic drugs be released relatively quickly from an absorption base?

A

NO

26
Q

RANK THE DRUG RELEASE POTENTIAL OF A HYDROPHOBIC DRUG IN THE FOLLOWING BASES:

-absorption base
-oleaginous base
-water miscible base
-polysorbate bases

A

fastest:
water miscible
polysorbate
absorption base
slowest = oleaginous

oleaginous base < absorption base
< polysorbate base <water miscible base

27
Q

what should be done to ascertain the drug release properties of a drug?

A

several base samples from several different batches should be tested and statistical analysis should be used

28
Q

true or false

there is regional variation for drug absorption via the skin

A

true

hydration and moisturization of the stratum corneum increases absorption through the skin

occlusiveness increases permeability bc of increased hydration and swelling of the stratum corneum

29
Q

hydration and moisturization of the corneum (skin) increases ___ through the skin

A

absorption

30
Q

occlusiveness increases _____ bc of…..

A

increases permeability bc of increased hydration and swelling of the stratum corneum

31
Q

explain the preparation of in situ preparations

A

emulsifying agent is NOT added directly rather it is formed IN SITU (via a chemical reaction during the preparation process.)

the fatty acid reacts with the base added to form the emulsifier

32
Q

the type of emulsion formed in in situ emulsion preparation depends on what?

A

the HLB of the emulsifier formed

33
Q

what can be added to stabilize the emulsion in in situ preparations

A

additional emulsifers

34
Q

name 3 fatty acids and their # of carbons

A

oleic acid (C18 unsaturated)
stearic acid (C18 saturated)
cerotic acid (C26 saturated)

35
Q

give 3 examples of oleic acid

A

olive oil has greater than 70% oleic acid

almond oil

palm oil

36
Q

give examples of stearic acid

A

animal fats and vegetable oils (coconut oil, palm oil)

37
Q

give examples of cerotic acid

A

waxes (bees wax, carnauba wax)

38
Q

what are the bases commonly used in in situ preparations

A

inorganic - sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, borax, ammonia hydroxide, calcium hydroxide

organic - trolamine (triethanolamine)

39
Q

amine bases form what kind of emulsions?
name an amine base

A

O/W
triethanolamine (trolamine)

40
Q

divalent cation bases form what kind of emulsion?
give an example of a divalent cation

A

W/O emulsion
Ca2+

41
Q

monovalent bases form what kind of emulsion?
give examples

A

O/W
Na+ NH4+ OH ,CO3, borate salts

42
Q

oleic acid + NaOH –>

A

sodium oleate

43
Q

function of cetyl alcohol in a lotion

is it water or oil soluble

A

rheology modifer (stiffener)

oil soluble

44
Q

use of anhydrous lanolin in lotion

is it water or oil soluble

A

moisturizer.
prevents water loss

oil soluble

45
Q

use of stearic acid in lotion

is it water or oil soluble

A

emollient, emulsifer, lubricant

oil soluble

46
Q
A

pharmacy practice lab ii (12 decks)

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