Lab Flashcards
Which flow tube length had the greatest flow rate?
10 mm
As tube length increases we also see an increase in the required pump pressure. Select the best explanation
Longer tubes mean you are pushing more fluid against more pathway resistance
Formed elements in the blood _______.
include platelets and whole cells that slide past one another
The flow rate of a liquid is _______.
directly proportional to the pressure gradient
Activity 2 In this activity, which of the following were kept constant?
blood vessel radius and blood vessel length
Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow?
blood vessel radius
What is the typical range for viscosity of the blood?
3 to 5
Which of the following has the greatest effect o peripheral resistance?
Blood vessel diameter
Which of the following describes the graph of flow versus viscosity?
As viscosity increased, the flow rate decreased and the graph was curved.
Which of the following is true of blood vessel length?
It increases as we approach puberty.
<p>
| Which of the following describes why the body might need to increase vessel length?</p>
<p>
| to accommodate weight gain and height changes</p>
<p>
| Increasing blood vessel length \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| has the same effect as decreasing blood vessel radius and increases resistance to flow</p>
<p>
| Which viscosity had the fastest flow rate?</p>
<p>
| 1</p>
<p>
| Laminar flow of the blood is achieved through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| vasodilation</p>
<p>
| Activity 3 In this experiment, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| blood vessel radius will be kept constant and blood vessel length will be varied</p>
<p>
| When blood vessel length increases, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| surface area increases</p>
<p>
| How does the body decrease the blood vessel radius?</p>
<p>
| vasoconstriction</p>
<p>
| The free-flowing blood located in the middle of a blood vessel is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| laminar flow</p>
<p>
| What is the effect of increased viscosity?</p>
<p>
| decreased flow rate</p>
<p>
During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| dilated, constricted</p>
<p>
| Select the sample with the highest viscosity</p>
<p>
| Molasses</p>
<p>
| Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?</p>
<p>
| thrombocytes — plasma proteins</p>
<p>
During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| dilated, constricted</p>
<p>
Blood flow is regulated by a number of factors. Select the variable where small adjustments are associated with very large changes to blood flow</p>
<p>
| Radius</p>
<p>
| Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched with the corresponding equipment used in this experiment?</p>
<p>
| All of the above are matched correctly.</p>
<p>
| When the flow tube radius increased, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>
<p>
| resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure</p>
Activity 7 In this activity, the pump simulates the _______.
left ventricle
Select the source of driving pressure for blood in the Abdominal Aorta
Left Ventricle
During the ejection period, _______.
blood is pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk
Blood flow is _______.
directly proportional to the pressure gradient
Describe the plot of pressure versus flow rate.
It was linear, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure.
Normal Blood Pressure is often listed as 120/80 mmHg. We use terms like Diastole and Systole to describe these values. Select the most correct statement
120 = Systole = Squeeze
In the cardiovascular system, the pressure gradient is provided by _______.
the force of contraction of the heart and peripheral resistance in the blood vessels
Endurance athletes frequently demonstrate very slow heart rates. Select the most accurate statement
Increased pump pressure and stroke volume allow the pump rate to slow
The overlap length of cardiac muscle in the healthy heart is _______.
less than optimum for maximum tension production
Select the most accurate statement regarding pathological changes to blood vessels
Atherosclerosis involves the disruption of flow by plaques which narrow the lumens
Arteries that are closer to the heart _______.
have more elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes
Activity 4 In this activity, which variable will be changed?
pressure
Activity 6 The flow rate in this activity _______.
stayed constant, because pump rate decreased as the stroke volume increased
Increasing pump pressure can help increase blood flow rate. Select the most accurate statement regarding pressure and blood flow
Increased pressure can make blood flow turbulent and raise the risk of myocardial infarct and aneurysm
Cardiac output is _______.
equal to blood flow and equal to heart rate times stroke volume
Increasing the left flow tube radius corresponds to _______.
increasing preload
Afterload is the pressure threshold that must be exceeded to open _______.
the aortic semilunar valve and the pulmonary semilunar valve
The compensating mechanisms tested in this activity include all of the following EXCEPT _______.
decreasing preload
Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by _______.
increased resistance to blood flow, thickening of the myocardium and narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve
Which of the following stayed constant throughout this activity?
stroke volume
Activity 7 In this activity, the right flow tube simulates the _______.
aorta
The volume in the pump when the pump piston is all the way down represents the _______.
end systolic volume
Increase in stroke volume is a result of _______.
increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload
An increase in venous return will _______.
increase EDV, increase stroke volume and increase the contractility of the heart
Select the most accurate statement regarding Restrictive Diseases
Restrictive Diseases lead to trapped air and diminished exchange
Select the most accurate choice for Total Lung Capacity for a healthy “average” Adult Female
4200ml
Select the most accurate value for Tidal Volume in an average “healthy” Adult Male
500ml
The MRV - Minute Respiratory Value for an adult male is approximately
7500ml
Select the term which best describes a tool used for measuring respiratory volumes
Spirometer
Select the patient with the lowest FEV1 value
65 year old man with severe Emphysema
What is the driving force for the movement of air into the lungs?
the pressure gradient
Forced expiration - “blowing out” - is assisted by the muscles. Select the most helpful muscle in “blowing out”
Internal Intercostals
What is the difference between TLC and VC?
TLC includes RV
Forced Inspiration -“breathing in” - can be assisted by muscles. Select the most active muscle in “breathing in”
External Intercostals
Which of the following describes the volume of air exhaled during passive breathing?
tidal volume
The minute ventilation is _______.
calculated by multiplying the rate of respiration times TV
Select the most accurate description of ERV - Expiratory Reserve Volume
Air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal breath out
Under normal conditions, the forced expiratory volume is normally _______.
75-85% of the vital capacity
Select the most accurate description of a person with Chronic Bronchitis
Blue Bloater
The volume of air expelled as you go from maximum inspiration to rapid maximum expiration is called
FVC
Which of the following is a passive process?
expiration
When the diaphragm contracts, _______.
it flattens out
During forced exhalation, _______.
the internal intercostals contract
Select the correct statement regarding blood oxygen levels
Blood in the Pulmonary Veins has more oxygen than blood in the Pulmonary Arteries
Select the most accurate statement regarding Obstructive Diseases
Airflow is is decreased by narrower passages
Select the most accurate description for FEV1
Amount of air you can forcibly exhale in one second
Select the clinical finding which cannot be linked to Emphysema
Blue skin tint
Your patient has a respiratory infection which produces excess mucus. Select the most accurate statement regarding the effects of the mucus
Excess mucus is an Obstructive problem because it will narrow pathways and block air flow
You’ve been tasked with investigating a potential insurance fraud case. The patient says he is exercising as hard as he possibly can. Test results indicate he is not. Select the results which best support your case
The patient is taking long, slow, steady breaths about 20 times per minute
Which amount of surfactant resulted in the greatest amount of airflow?
4
Select the symptom not seen in an acute asthma attack
Loss of Airway Resistance
Which of the following resulted in an increase in tidal volume above the normal value?
moderate exercise
Deflation or collapse of a lung is diagnosed as
Atelectasis
When the left lung collapsed, the total airflow _______.
was cut in half
The pressure in the pleural cavity is called the _______.
intrapleural pressure
Which of the following is(are) obstructive conditions?
(WRONG)
exercise
A normal FEV1% was seen with _______.
acute asthma attack plus inhaler
Why is normal exhalation passive?
Respiratory muscles are relaxing and elastic tissue in the lungs recoils.
The pressure in the plural cavity is _______.
less than the pressure in the alveoli and less than atmospheric pressure
Activity 3 In this activity, the pressure in the pleural cavity would be located _______.
between the bell jar and the outer wall of the lung
Your friend is having an acute asthma attack. Select the statement which best describes what your friend is feeling
(WRONG)
I feel like I can’t get air into my lungs
With an acute asthma attack, ________________ increased when compared to normal values.
(WRONG)
ERV
Select the most accurate statement regarding breathing during moderate exercise
(WRONG)
Respiratory Rate increases significantly to meet oxygen demand, while Tidal Volume remains relatively unchanged
Which of the following would increase with exercise?
(WRONG)tidal volume and frequency of breathing
Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?
The intrapleural space is the pleural cavity.
WRONG
How did the pressure in the left lung change when the valve was opened?
(WRONG)
It went from a positive number to a negative number and the pressure in the pleural cavity equalized with the atmospheric pressure.
A person may treat asthma with an inhaler. Select the appropriate action of this medication
Reduce spasm, induce dilation, decrease inflammation
Name the force responsible for preventing lung collapse
(WRONG)
Positive Pleural Pressure
Negative intraplural pressure
During an acute asthma attack, the obstruction is caused by _______.
bronchiole smooth muscle spasms
A hole in the chest wall which allows air into the chest space is diagnosed as
Pneumothorax
With emphysema, the muscles that contract with normal exhalation include which of the following?
internal intercostals (WRONG) Active: internal and abdominal pg 104
Chose the most accurate statement
The right lung is typically larger
Without surfactant, _______.
the alveoli would collapse
(WRONG)
Reduces surface tension
