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Week 1-4 A&P > Lab > Flashcards

Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Which flow tube length had the greatest flow rate?

A

10 mm

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2
Q

As tube length increases we also see an increase in the required pump pressure. Select the best explanation

A

Longer tubes mean you are pushing more fluid against more pathway resistance

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3
Q

Formed elements in the blood _______.

A

include platelets and whole cells that slide past one another

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4
Q

The flow rate of a liquid is _______.

A

directly proportional to the pressure gradient

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5
Q

Activity 2 In this activity, which of the following were kept constant?

A

blood vessel radius and blood vessel length

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6
Q

Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow?

A

blood vessel radius

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7
Q

What is the typical range for viscosity of the blood?

A

3 to 5

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8
Q

Which of the following has the greatest effect o peripheral resistance?

A

Blood vessel diameter

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9
Q

Which of the following describes the graph of flow versus viscosity?

A

As viscosity increased, the flow rate decreased and the graph was curved.

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10
Q

Which of the following is true of blood vessel length?

A

It increases as we approach puberty.

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11
Q

<p>

| Which of the following describes why the body might need to increase vessel length?</p>

A

<p>

| to accommodate weight gain and height changes</p>

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12
Q

<p>

| Increasing blood vessel length \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| has the same effect as decreasing blood vessel radius and increases resistance to flow</p>

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13
Q

<p>

| Which viscosity had the fastest flow rate?</p>

A

<p>

| 1</p>

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14
Q

<p>

| Laminar flow of the blood is achieved through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| vasodilation</p>

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15
Q

<p>

| Activity 3 In this experiment, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| blood vessel radius will be kept constant and blood vessel length will be varied</p>

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16
Q

<p>

| When blood vessel length increases, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| surface area increases</p>

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17
Q

<p>

| How does the body decrease the blood vessel radius?</p>

A

<p>

| vasoconstriction</p>

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18
Q

<p>

| The free-flowing blood located in the middle of a blood vessel is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| laminar flow</p>

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19
Q

<p>

| What is the effect of increased viscosity?</p>

A

<p>

| decreased flow rate</p>

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20
Q

<p>
During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| dilated, constricted</p>

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21
Q

<p>

| Select the sample with the highest viscosity</p>

A

<p>

| Molasses</p>

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22
Q

<p>

| Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?</p>

A

<p>

| thrombocytes &mdash; plasma proteins</p>

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23
Q

<p>
During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| dilated, constricted</p>

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24
Q

<p>
Blood flow is regulated by a number of factors. Select the variable where small adjustments are associated with very large changes to blood flow</p>

A

<p>

| Radius</p>

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25
Q

<p>

| Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched with the corresponding equipment used in this experiment?</p>

A

<p>

| All of the above are matched correctly.</p>

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26
Q

<p>

| When the flow tube radius increased, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.</p>

A

<p>

| resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure</p>

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27
Q

Activity 7 In this activity, the pump simulates the _______.

A

left ventricle

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28
Q

Select the source of driving pressure for blood in the Abdominal Aorta

A

Left Ventricle

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29
Q

During the ejection period, _______.

A

blood is pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk

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30
Q

Blood flow is _______.

A

directly proportional to the pressure gradient

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31
Q

Describe the plot of pressure versus flow rate.

A

It was linear, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure.

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32
Q

Normal Blood Pressure is often listed as 120/80 mmHg. We use terms like Diastole and Systole to describe these values. Select the most correct statement

A

120 = Systole = Squeeze

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33
Q

In the cardiovascular system, the pressure gradient is provided by _______.

A

the force of contraction of the heart and peripheral resistance in the blood vessels

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34
Q

Endurance athletes frequently demonstrate very slow heart rates. Select the most accurate statement

A

Increased pump pressure and stroke volume allow the pump rate to slow

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35
Q

The overlap length of cardiac muscle in the healthy heart is _______.

A

less than optimum for maximum tension production

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36
Q

Select the most accurate statement regarding pathological changes to blood vessels

A

Atherosclerosis involves the disruption of flow by plaques which narrow the lumens

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37
Q

Arteries that are closer to the heart _______.

A

have more elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes

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38
Q

Activity 4 In this activity, which variable will be changed?

A

pressure

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39
Q

Activity 6 The flow rate in this activity _______.

A

stayed constant, because pump rate decreased as the stroke volume increased

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40
Q

Increasing pump pressure can help increase blood flow rate. Select the most accurate statement regarding pressure and blood flow

A

Increased pressure can make blood flow turbulent and raise the risk of myocardial infarct and aneurysm

41
Q

Cardiac output is _______.

A

equal to blood flow and equal to heart rate times stroke volume

42
Q

Increasing the left flow tube radius corresponds to _______.

A

increasing preload

43
Q

Afterload is the pressure threshold that must be exceeded to open _______.

A

the aortic semilunar valve and the pulmonary semilunar valve

44
Q

The compensating mechanisms tested in this activity include all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A

decreasing preload

45
Q

Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by _______.

A

increased resistance to blood flow, thickening of the myocardium and narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve

46
Q

Which of the following stayed constant throughout this activity?

A

stroke volume

47
Q

Activity 7 In this activity, the right flow tube simulates the _______.

A

aorta

48
Q

The volume in the pump when the pump piston is all the way down represents the _______.

A

end systolic volume

49
Q

Increase in stroke volume is a result of _______.

A

increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload

50
Q

An increase in venous return will _______.

A

increase EDV, increase stroke volume and increase the contractility of the heart

51
Q

Select the most accurate statement regarding Restrictive Diseases

A

Restrictive Diseases lead to trapped air and diminished exchange

52
Q

Select the most accurate choice for Total Lung Capacity for a healthy “average” Adult Female

A

4200ml

53
Q

Select the most accurate value for Tidal Volume in an average “healthy” Adult Male

A

500ml

54
Q

The MRV - Minute Respiratory Value for an adult male is approximately

A

7500ml

55
Q

Select the term which best describes a tool used for measuring respiratory volumes

A

Spirometer

56
Q

Select the patient with the lowest FEV1 value

A

65 year old man with severe Emphysema

57
Q

What is the driving force for the movement of air into the lungs?

A

the pressure gradient

58
Q

Forced expiration - “blowing out” - is assisted by the muscles. Select the most helpful muscle in “blowing out”

A

Internal Intercostals

59
Q

What is the difference between TLC and VC?

A

TLC includes RV

60
Q

Forced Inspiration -“breathing in” - can be assisted by muscles. Select the most active muscle in “breathing in”

A

External Intercostals

61
Q

Which of the following describes the volume of air exhaled during passive breathing?

A

tidal volume

62
Q

The minute ventilation is _______.

A

calculated by multiplying the rate of respiration times TV

63
Q

Select the most accurate description of ERV - Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal breath out

64
Q

Under normal conditions, the forced expiratory volume is normally _______.

A

75-85% of the vital capacity

65
Q

Select the most accurate description of a person with Chronic Bronchitis

A

Blue Bloater

66
Q

The volume of air expelled as you go from maximum inspiration to rapid maximum expiration is called

A

FVC

67
Q

Which of the following is a passive process?

A

expiration

68
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, _______.

A

it flattens out

69
Q

During forced exhalation, _______.

A

the internal intercostals contract

70
Q

Select the correct statement regarding blood oxygen levels

A

Blood in the Pulmonary Veins has more oxygen than blood in the Pulmonary Arteries

71
Q

Select the most accurate statement regarding Obstructive Diseases

A

Airflow is is decreased by narrower passages

72
Q

Select the most accurate description for FEV1

A

Amount of air you can forcibly exhale in one second

73
Q

Select the clinical finding which cannot be linked to Emphysema

A

Blue skin tint

74
Q

Your patient has a respiratory infection which produces excess mucus. Select the most accurate statement regarding the effects of the mucus

A

Excess mucus is an Obstructive problem because it will narrow pathways and block air flow

75
Q

You’ve been tasked with investigating a potential insurance fraud case. The patient says he is exercising as hard as he possibly can. Test results indicate he is not. Select the results which best support your case

A

The patient is taking long, slow, steady breaths about 20 times per minute

76
Q

Which amount of surfactant resulted in the greatest amount of airflow?

A

4

77
Q

Select the symptom not seen in an acute asthma attack

A

Loss of Airway Resistance

78
Q

Which of the following resulted in an increase in tidal volume above the normal value?

A

moderate exercise

79
Q

Deflation or collapse of a lung is diagnosed as

A

Atelectasis

80
Q

When the left lung collapsed, the total airflow _______.

A

was cut in half

81
Q

The pressure in the pleural cavity is called the _______.

A

intrapleural pressure

82
Q

Which of the following is(are) obstructive conditions?

A

(WRONG)

exercise

83
Q

A normal FEV1% was seen with _______.

A

acute asthma attack plus inhaler

84
Q

Why is normal exhalation passive?

A

Respiratory muscles are relaxing and elastic tissue in the lungs recoils.

85
Q

The pressure in the plural cavity is _______.

A

less than the pressure in the alveoli and less than atmospheric pressure

86
Q

Activity 3 In this activity, the pressure in the pleural cavity would be located _______.

A

between the bell jar and the outer wall of the lung

87
Q

Your friend is having an acute asthma attack. Select the statement which best describes what your friend is feeling

A

(WRONG)

I feel like I can’t get air into my lungs

88
Q

With an acute asthma attack, ________________ increased when compared to normal values.

A

(WRONG)

ERV

89
Q

Select the most accurate statement regarding breathing during moderate exercise

A

(WRONG)

Respiratory Rate increases significantly to meet oxygen demand, while Tidal Volume remains relatively unchanged

90
Q

Which of the following would increase with exercise?

A

(WRONG)tidal volume and frequency of breathing

91
Q

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

A

The intrapleural space is the pleural cavity.

WRONG

92
Q

How did the pressure in the left lung change when the valve was opened?

A

(WRONG)
It went from a positive number to a negative number and the pressure in the pleural cavity equalized with the atmospheric pressure.

93
Q

A person may treat asthma with an inhaler. Select the appropriate action of this medication

A

Reduce spasm, induce dilation, decrease inflammation

94
Q

Name the force responsible for preventing lung collapse

A

(WRONG)
Positive Pleural Pressure
Negative intraplural pressure

95
Q

During an acute asthma attack, the obstruction is caused by _______.

A

bronchiole smooth muscle spasms

96
Q

A hole in the chest wall which allows air into the chest space is diagnosed as

A

Pneumothorax

97
Q

With emphysema, the muscles that contract with normal exhalation include which of the following?

A 
internal intercostals
(WRONG)
Active: internal and abdominal pg 104
98
Q

Chose the most accurate statement

A

The right lung is typically larger

99
Q

Without surfactant, _______.

A

the alveoli would collapse
(WRONG)
Reduces surface tension

Week 1-4 A&P (2 decks)

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