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Physical agents > Lab > Flashcards

Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Indication of TENS

A

Control/relieve pain

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2
Q

Secondary benefits of TENS

A
  • Reduce the amount of and dependency on pain medication
  • Provide the patient a more active role in their pain management
  • Increase functional movement and mobility with less discomfort
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3
Q

What is parameter for frequency of conventional TENS?

A

100-150 Hz (high frequency)

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4
Q

What is parameter for pulse duration of conventional TENS?

A

50-80 microseconds

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5
Q

What is parameter for amplitude of conventional TENS?

A

Strong but comfortable

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6
Q

What is parameter for treatment duration of conventional TENS?

A

20-30 mins, up to 24 hours

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7
Q

What is parameter for mechanism of action of conventional TENS?

A

Gate control

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8
Q

What is parameter for analgesia duration of conventional TENS?

A

Immediate relief with little residual effect

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9
Q

What is parameter for frequency of acupuncture TENS?

A

2-10 Hz (low frequency)

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10
Q

What is parameter for pulse duration of acupuncture TENS?

A

200-300 microseconds

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11
Q

What is parameter for amplitude of acupuncture TENS?

A

Strong, visible muscle contraction

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12
Q

What is parameter for treatment duration of acupuncture TENS?

A

20-30 mins

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13
Q

What is parameter for mechanism of action of acupuncture TENS?

A

Endogenous opiods release

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14
Q

What is parameter for analgesia duration of acupuncture TENS?

A

Up to 5 hours

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15
Q

How does TENS- acupuncture work?

A

Through brief sharp pain through repetitive muscle twitched and stimulation of A-delta fibers

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16
Q

Which fibers are sensory?

A

A-beta

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17
Q

Indication for IFC

A

Pain control

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18
Q

Secondary indication of IFC

A
  • Edema control (weak evidence)
  • Force production
  • Modulation
  • Treat larger region
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19
Q

Electrode placement for IFC is always ____

A

Criss-crossed

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20
Q

What are the electrode placements for TENS

A
  • Criss cross
  • Parallel
  • Bracket
  • Unilateral
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21
Q

Where should you avoid placing electrode for TENS?

A
  • Transcranial

- Over genitalia

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22
Q

What do you use a vector scan for in IFC?

A

For change in position of interference pattern (scan entire field)

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the sweep mode in IFC?

A

To decrease sensory habituation for longer treatment times

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24
Q

IFC provides pain relief over a _____ region with ____ body tissue involvement

A

IFC provides pain relief over a larger region with multiple body tissue involvement

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25
Q

When should pre-modulated current be used?

A

In small/narrow regions where the 4 electrode placement used in IFC is not possible

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26
Q

How many channels and electrode pads should be used in pre-mod?

A
  • 1 channel

- 2 large pads

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27
Q

How many channels and electrode pads should be used in IFC?

A
  • 2 channels

- 4 small pads

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28
Q

HVPC is a ___ current

A

Direct current

29
Q

What are the indications of HVPC?

A
  • Wound healing (supportive evidence)

- Inflammation/edema (weak evidence)

30
Q

Theoretical clinical use of HVPC

A
  • Softening scar tissue

- Increased tissue density

31
Q

What is a side effect from HVPC?

A

Increased aching in the area of the dispersive pad (larger electrode)

32
Q

Position of limb when using HVPC for edema control

A

Leg elevated

33
Q

What kind of polarity should be used when using HVPC to treat edema?

A

Negative polarity

34
Q

What kind of polarity should be used when using HVPC to treat tissue healing?

A

Positive polarity

35
Q

What color channel should be used at the treating/active pad?

A

Red channel

36
Q

What color channel should be used at the dispersive pad?

A

Black channel

37
Q

What is/are the indication(s) for russian?

A

Strengthening of muscle

38
Q

What is/are the indication(s) for NMES?

A
  • Stimulation of denervated muscles
  • Improve/retrain motor control
  • Strengthening
  • Muscle pump for edema control
  • Reduce spasticity by applying over the antagonist muscle (NMES)
39
Q

Characteristic of a russian current

A

Burst modulation

40
Q

Recommended parameter of a russian treatment?

A
  • 50 bursts/ second
  • Burst duration is 10 microsecs
  • 10 secs contraction time
  • 50 secs off time
  • 10 repetitions
41
Q

What are the precautions of HVPC?

A
  • Cardiac disease
  • Impaired sensation
  • Malignant tumors
  • Skin irritation or open wounds
42
Q

What are the contraindications of HVPC?

A
  • Pacemakers, heart conditions (unstable arrythmias)
  • Over the carotid sinus
  • Venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
  • Pelvis, abdomen, trunk, and low back during pregnancy(1st trimester), can be used for pain control during delivery
43
Q

What are the contraindications of HVPC, TENS, IFC?

A
  • Pacemakers, heart conditions (unstable arrythmias)
  • Over the carotid sinus
  • Venous or arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis
  • Pelvis, abdomen, trunk, and low back during pregnancy(1st trimester), can be used for pain control during delivery
44
Q

FES is like ____, except it i used for ___

A

FES is like NMES, except it i used for foot drop

45
Q

What are the risk of TENS, HVPC, NMES, russian, and IFC

A

discomfort

46
Q

For immediate increased ROM, which frequency of IFC should be used?

A

High frequency (80-150)

47
Q

If patient has a fear of movement, and will be performing movement for a short period of time post treatment, which frequency of IFC should be used?

A

High frequency (80-150)

48
Q

If patient has a fear of movement, and will be performing movement for a long/extended period of time post treatment, which frequency of IFC should be used?

A

Low frequency (2-10)

49
Q

What frequency should for a patient getting E-stim for the first time?

A

80-150

50
Q

What is difference the feeling from IFC/TENS under high and low frequency?

A

They both feel pins needles, but a high frequency is a strong but comfortable feeling, while a low frequency is at a higher intensity, and a deeper level. It is a strong but comfortable feeling with a muscle twitch

51
Q

When should you come back to check on a patient?

A

In 5 mins

52
Q

What is frequency called on a TENS unit?

A

Pulse rate

53
Q

What is pulse duration called on a TENS unit?

A

Pulse width

54
Q

Indications of an ultrasound

A
  • Pain control
  • Dermal ulcers
  • Tendon and ligament injuries
  • Bone fractures
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Soft tissue inflammation
  • Tissue extensibility
  • Scar tissue remodeling
  • Tissue healing
55
Q

The higher the frequency, the ____ the absorption, hence ____ depth of penetration

A

The higher the frequency, the higher the absorption, hence less depth of penetration

56
Q

When looking to get a mechanical effect of US, ___ duty cycle should be used

A

Lower duty cycle (20%)

57
Q

When looking to get a thermal effect of US ___ duty cycle should be used

A

Higher duty cycle (100%)

58
Q

At what temperature does US start to increase metabolism and healing?

A

1 deg C

59
Q

What temperature does US start to decrease pain and muscle spasms?

A

2-3

60
Q

What temperature does US increase extensibility, and decrease joint stiffness

A

4 deg C or higher

61
Q

What frequency will you use for a tissue depth of up to 5cm?

A

1 MHz

62
Q

What frequency will you use for a tissue depth of 1-2 cm deep?

A

3 MHz

63
Q

What intensity should be used at 1 MHz?

A

1.5-2 W/cm^2

64
Q

What intensity should be used at 3 MHz?

A

0.5 W/cm^2

65
Q

What intensities should be used if a non-thermal effect is desired?

A

0.5-1.0

66
Q

How long should all US be done?

A

5-10 min/2 x ERA

67
Q

How long should all US be done?

A

5-10 min/2 x ERA

68
Q

What are the contraindications for US?

A
  • Malignancy
  • Pregnancy
  • CNS tissue
  • Joint cement
  • Plastic
  • Pacemaker
  • Thrombophlebtis
  • Eyes and reproductive organs

Physical agents (7 decks)

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