Lab 7 - Lissamphibia, Circulation, Respiration Flashcards
What does amphibian mean
amphi and bios - Both/dual life
Many terrestrial amphibians must return to the water for:
Reproduction
Adaptations for terrestrial success
Lungs for respiration and limbs for locomotion
Where does gas exchange occur in amphibians?
Lungs and moist skin
Change in prey capture:
Due to locomotion awkwardness because of limb modification: changed from swift pursuit (bodily locomotino) to snapping at prey (movement of head only)
Morphological changes due to snapping at prey
Head frree from pectoral girdle, developed neck and elongated snout
Lissamphibia
Clade of all living amphibians (extant)
Taxa of Lissamphibia
Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders), Gymnophiona (caecilians)
Gymnophiona
Burrown underground, some fully aquatic, visible segments, lack limbs, paired sensory structures and reduced eyes. Order name means “naked snake”
Anura
Without a tail. Body divided into head and trunk, joined by neck.
External Nares and Intenral nares
On head of anura, used for olfaction and respiration (like nostrils that connect to inside of mouth)
Tympanium
Eardrum, outer boundary of middle ear. Used to detect sound. Behind eye
Forelimb and Hindlimb modification
forelimbs smaller, used for terrestrial locomotion. Hindlimbs larger, with webbing, used for aquatic locomotion
Caudata
with a tail, typicallys alamanders. Hind/forelimbs equal in size. Most ancient amphibians. Many lack lungs and rely on skin for respiration
Paedomorphosis
A permanent “larva” or organism that is able to sexually reproduce while in a larval body
Mudpuppy
aquatic US salamander that has paedomorphosis. The most observable characteristic of it being a larva is external gills, which would disappear if it was an adult. Additionally it has eyes without movable lids and a lateral line system like fish do.
Newt vs salamander
Has rougher, less slimy skin than salamanders
https://prnt.sc/SLWXXM6UHwD4 | https://prnt.sc/UVzSvkZJylVM
What amphibian is this (scientific and common), what order does it belong to, and what distinguishing characteristics does it have?
Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis). Caudata
Large and flattened. Aquatic. Has THICK, FLESHY FOLD of skin along sides, which increases surface area for respiration. Live in Davidson and Mills Rivers. Population decreasing due to pollution. Feeds on crayfish and fish.
https://prnt.sc/6icx5GBoJife | https://prnt.sc/Qa_Bo7eSEO1b
What amphibian is this (scientific and common), what order does it belong to, and what distinguishing characteristics does it have?
Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus). Caudata
Large neotenic. Northeast/east-central US. BUSHY GILLS and ONLY FOUR TOES ON EACH HIND FOOT. Max size 1 foot. Paedomorphosis
https://prnt.sc/NwwqEKfcb6-1 |https://prnt.sc/9mqFurQkR6nC
What amphibian is this (scientific and common), what order does it belong to, and what distinguishing characteristics does it have?
Three-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma tridactylum). Caudata
One-toed,two-toed-three-toed variants in SE US. Digits different on rear limbs. Live in swamps and ditches, and can withstand droughts by burrowing. Eat insects, crayfish, and fish. Eggs laid just above water line, guarded by females.
https://prnt.sc/p2_5sWnHzk_j |https://prnt.sc/W940tNo-FzIC
What amphibian is this (scientific and common), what order does it belong to, and what distinguishing characteristics does it have?
Red Salamander (Pseudotriton ruber). Caudata
Medium sized with black spots on red dorsum. Live in small streams. Sometimes eat other salamanders, prolonged larval stage 2-3 years.
https://prnt.sc/luaaK27NG5Bo | https://prnt.sc/9E1PNf-bJKeJ
What amphibian is this (scientific and common), what order does it belong to, and what distinguishing characteristics does it have?
Spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum). Caudata
Common thru eastern US and breed in ponds. Dark with yellow spots. Eggs deposited in late winter.
https://prnt.sc/yqN-wSrxsZ4M | https://prnt.sc/2yXUHrDKr1A3
What amphibian is this (scientific and common), what order does it belong to, and what distinguishing characteristics does it have?
Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Caudata
Common in NC in permanant ponds or lakes. Aquatic larval stage 3-4 months, then terrestrial RED EFT stage that lives on land for 7-8 years, returns to water for reproduction in adult stage
