Lab 1 - Diploblast Metazoans (Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora)

Question 1

Porifera

Answer 1

Phylum containing all 10,000 species of sponges. Menas “pore bearer”

Question 2

General porifera body composition

Answer 2

Body wall, secreted fibers, mineral skeleton.

Question 3

Spongocel

Answer 3

Central body cavity of porifera

Question 4

Osculum/oscula

Answer 4

large opening where water exits form porifera

Question 5

Pinacocyte

Answer 5

T-shaped flattened cell that makes up the pinacoderm in porifera

Question 6

Pinacoderm

Answer 6

thin, epithelial layer on the exterior of porifera

Question 7

Mesohyl

Answer 7

layer beneath the pinacoderm, main structure of sponge, consists of spongin and spicules

Question 8

Amoebocytes

Answer 8

produce spicules and spongin

Question 9

Spicules

Answer 9

can be made of calcium carbonate (dissolves in sulfuric acid) or silica

Question 10

Spongin

Answer 10

fibers of collagen

Question 11

Choanocyte/collar cell

Answer 11

lines spongocel and internal cavities, creates water currents that draw particles in, traps them with microvilli in collar and phagocytoses them

Question 12

Synapomorphy of Hemoscleromorpha

Answer 12

No skeleton or spicules do not secrete an axial filament

Question 13

Synapomorphy of Calcispongia

Answer 13

CaCO3 spicules

Question 14

Synapomorphy of Demospongiae

Answer 14

Spongin network present, 95% of species

Question 15

Synapomorphy of hexactinellidae

Answer 15

Spicules with six rays, silica spicules, scafoold like slekeleton, syncytium

Question 16

Budding

Answer 16

Porifera asexual reporduction, where new individuals “bud” off of individuals

Question 17

Gemmules

Answer 17

A bunch of archaeocytes/amoebocytes surrounded by spicules that form a cys-tlike structure, asexual reproduction and forms new individual when bound to substrate

Question 18

Cnidocytes

Answer 18

Cells in Cnidaria that contain nematocysts

Question 19

Nematocysts

Answer 19

Stinging organelles activated by osmotic pressure in Cnidarians, stored within Cnidocytes

Question 20

Cnidarian body plan

Answer 20

Epidermis, interior gastrodermis, middle layer is mesoglea (water and collagen, gelatainous)

Question 21

Mesenchyme

Answer 21

Mesoglea + cells in Cnidaria

Question 22

BASIC Cnidarian life cycle

Answer 22

Larva (free-swiming), Polyp (sessile, tubular), Medusa (jellyfish, has tentacles, free swimming, only in medusazoa)

Question 23

Taxa within Cnidaria

Answer 23

Anthozoa, Staurozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa

Question 24

Clades within Cnidaria

Answer 24

Anthozoa and Medusozoa

Question 25

Taxa within Medusozoa

Answer 25

Staurozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa

Question 26

Anthozoa

Answer 26

corals, sea anemonies, no medusa, have septa

Question 27

Septa

Answer 27

Increase surface area of the gastrovascular cavity

Question 28

Scyphozoa

Answer 28

True jellies, have a medusa stage, lack velum

Question 29

Hydrozoa

Answer 29

Have a velum, typically colonial species

Question 30

Taxa within Hydrozoa

Answer 30

Hydra, Gonionemus and Obelia

Question 31

Taxa within Scyphozoa

Answer 31

Aurellia

Question 32

Hydra

Answer 32

Species in Hydrozoa, freshwater, both asexual and sexual reproduction, with sexual reproduction involving sperm being ejected into the water

Question 33

Obelia

Answer 33

Species in Hydrozoa, colonial lifestyle, gastrozooids and gonozooids interconnected with stalks that pass nutrients

Question 34

Ctenophora

Answer 34

Comb jelly phylum, have comb rows filled with cillia that are used for swimming

Question 35

Species of Asconid Sponge

Answer 35

Leucosolenia

Question 36

Species of Synconid Sponge

Answer 36

Grantia

Question 37

Types of asexual sponge reproduction

Answer 37

Budding and Gemmules

Question 38

What type of spicules dissolve in Sulfuric Acid and which class are they characteristic of?

Answer 38

CaCO3 spicules, Calcispongiae

Question 39

How do the position of choanocytes differ among sponge body plans

Answer 39

Asconid: lines only the spongocel, Synconid: lines the radial canals, Leuconid: lines the flagellated chambers

Question 40

Pedal Disc

Answer 40

muscular disc at the bottom of the polyp which anchors the Cnidarian to the substrate

Question 41

Gastrovascular canal

Answer 41

opening into the gut of the Cnidarian, also used for circulatory to allow for Surface Area in O2 absorption

Question 42

Coral are:

Answer 42

Anthozoans

Question 43

Sea Anemonies are:

Answer 43

Anthozoans

Question 44

Cube Jellies are:

Answer 44

Cubozoans

Question 45

True Jellies are:

Answer 45

Scyphozoans

Question 46

Hydra are:

Answer 46

Hydrozoans

Question 47

Man-o-War are:

Answer 47

Hydrozoans

Question 48

Which group secretes calcium carbonate skeletons?

Answer 48

Anthozoa

Question 49

Which structure is the large, gelatonous structure of the syphozoa (not the mesoglea)

Answer 49

Bell

Question 50

What are the structures on the oral surface of scyphozoans?

Answer 50

Oral Arms

Question 51

Where is the mouth in Hydrozoa?

Answer 51

Under the medusa

Question 52

Life cycle of Syphozoa (Aurelia)

Answer 52

Planula Iarva binds to substrate, develops into Scyphistoma (polyp), develops into strobillae which produce ephyra that develop into the medusa stage

Question 53

Hydroskeleton is found in:

Answer 53

Hydra

Question 54

Gastrozooids and gonozooids are found in:

Answer 54

Obelia

Question 55

Gastrozooid

Answer 55

Polyp with tentacles that are used for feedin

Question 56

Gonozooids

Answer 56

Polyp without tentacles that have spots to produce ephyra

Question 57

Pneumatophore

Answer 57

"float" that is gas filled and helps the man-of-war (Physalia) keep its motion