Lab 7: Leaves, Flowers, and Fruits Flashcards
For the following cell/tissue, explain their structure and function: epidermis
- cells form a single layer and are tightly packed into the upper and lower surface of the leaf; they’re living; have thin cell walls
- function: secretes a waxy cuticle and protects plant from environment
For the following cell/tissue, explain their structure and function: guard cells
- living; exists in pairs; bean shaped when swollen
- function: surround stomata and regulate transpiration by opening and closing
For the following cell/tissue, explain their structure and function: xylem vessels
- dead; long tubes; tough; composed of fibers and parenchymal cells
- function: transports water and dissolved nutrients from root to shoot
For the following cell/tissue, explain their structure and function: sieve tube elements of phloem
- living; porous; composed of parenchyma
- function: transports carbs, amino acids, etc from source to the sink
For the following cell/tissue, explain their structure and function: spongy mesophyll
- living; located under epidermis; large
- function: gas exchange site for photosynthesis and respiration (creates air spaces to facilitate gas exchange)
For the following cell/tissue, explain their structure and function: sclerenchyma fibers
- dead; rigid; extremely durable
- function: protects plants from harsh conditions/ predators
- example: forms the outer layer of shells and nuts
What is the role of the stomata
- close in the dark to protect against unnecessary water loss from gas exchange to environment
- open in the presence of light for photosynthesis
give the function for the following flower structure: petal
surrounds reproductive organ
give the function for the following flower structure: anther
contains pollen (the male reproductive cell)
give the function for the following flower structure: filament
supports anther; holds it up
give the function for the following flower structure: sepal
protects buds and supports petals in bloom
give the function for the following flower structure: stigma
receives pollen
give the function for the following flower structure: style
supports stigma and connects it to ovaries
give the function for the following flower structure: ovary
female reproductive organ
give the function for the following flower structure: ovule
becomes seed after fertilisation (female sex organ)
pistil vs stamen
female vs male
give the function for the following flower structure: stamen
produces polen. two parts. anther and filament
which parts of the flower are still present in a mature fruit? and in what form
- ovules: become seed
- petals and stamen: become the edible part of the apple
- stamen/style: bottom part of apple that is often cut off before apple is consumed
list the 3 functions of plant leaves
- capture light and CO2 for photosynthesis
- close stomata to prevent excessive water loss
- thick leaves store water (succulents)
- tendrils allow plants to climb
flower function
where pollination takes place; after pollination seeds form
fruit function
protect seeds and help them spread far apart by being inviting to predators. predators eat them and transport the seeds far from the parent plant
superior vs inferior ovary
superior: ovary above the origin of the sepals
inferior: ovary below the origin of the sepals
fleshy vs dry fruit
- fleshy: have fleshy tissue that is inviting to prey; this plant type is adapted to animal assisted seed dispersal (by animal consumption)
- dry fruit: plant type adapted to dispersal by wind, or getting attached to animals fur/ feathers
dispersal strategy: water dispersal
- durable exterior allowing the fruit to travel far
- husk with loose fibrous covering gives the nut buoyancy to travel by trapping air in fibres
- coconuts
- lotus
dispersal strategy: explosive dispersal
- dry up, split open, and discharge seeds at a distance away from plant
- lupine, witch hazel, chillies, poppies
dispersal strategy: wind
- parachute appendage close to seed
- seed can detatch easily and are located at the top of the plant, increasing the chances of being caught by wind
- dandelion
dispersal strategy: animal (ingested)
- adapted to appeal more to certain animals (hard exterior, spice, sweetness)
dispersal strategy: animal (fur)
- spiky protrusions to attach more easily to hair so it can travel far
hydrophyte
- aquatic plant
- big leaves that float on top of water to absorb as much sunlight as possible
- thorns under pads to protect against predators
- don’t need complicated root and stem systems since theyre surrounded by water
xerophyte
- a plant which needs very little water
- thick, waxy skin to reduce loss of water and to reflect heat
- large, fleshy stems to store water.
- thorns and thin, spiky or glossy leaves to reduce water loss.
- spikes protect cacti from animals wishing to use stored water
- cactus stems store water
