Lab 7

Question 1

Reflex loop

Answer 1

Perfect model for negative feedback loops

Question 2

Somatic reflex loops

Answer 2

Negative feedback loop
skeletal muscles
protective reflexes

Question 3

autonomic reflex loops

Answer 3

involuntary functions
always polysynaptic
at least three sensory neurons

Question 4

Spinal reflexes

Answer 4

Require no input to or from the brain

integration center at spinal cord

Question 5

Cranial reflexes

Answer 5

Require input from the brain

Question 6

Monosynaptic reflects

Answer 6

Has one synapses between afferent and efferent neuron fastest

Question 7

Polysynaptic reflex

Answer 7

More than one synapse in the loop slower

Question 8

what do Interneurons do?

Answer 8

Used to spread signals to different pathways or are inhibitory signals

Question 9

what do Inhibitory signal do?

Answer 9

They will be Hyper-polarized-
which means more negative
so it will stops the activation

Question 10

what NT does Somatic motor neurons release and why?

Answer 10

Release acetylcholine which is excitatory to muscle cells

Question 11

Skeletal muscles have______ Receptors on the motor end plate?

Answer 11

Nicotinic.

These are receptor channels that allow diffusion of sodium

Question 12

Excitatory signals

Answer 12

Depolarize- means more positive activate

signal molecule for motor neuron to muscle cell is always excitatory

Question 13

To prevent activation of a muscle cell?

Answer 13

Somatic neuron must be inhibited

Question 14

what Receptors provide information about body position
muscular force and length

they are located in muscle ligaments tendons and joints

somatic Mechanoreceptors

Answer 14

Proprioreceptors

Question 15

a Proprioreceptor receptor that is
Located- in the belly of the muscle
detects change in length
to the CNS stimulus increase muscle length

Answer 15

Muscle spindles

Question 16

Golgi tendon Organ

Answer 16

Proprioreceptor- golgi tendon organ
located at musculotendonous junction
prevents tearing
stimulus increase intention

Question 17

Intrafusal fibers

Answer 17

Found inside muscle spindle fibers

Question 18

Extrafusal fibers

Answer 18

The regular muscle fibers

Question 19

Tonically active

Answer 19

Signals are sent even when the muscle is at rest

Question 20

Alpha motor neuron

Answer 20

innervates extrafusal fibers and the gamma motor neurons that innervate the interfusal fibers

Question 21

Stretch flex or myotatic reflex

Answer 21

Increasing muscle length the stimulus for muscle spindle reflex

Question 22

Response for Golgi tendon Organ

Answer 22

Muscle relaxation achieved by stopping the secretion of acetylcholine (inactivates) the somatic motor neuron

Question 23

When the golgi tendon organ is activated A neurotransmitter that is released by an interneuron on the somatic motor neuron?acts as an inhibitory NT in spinal

Answer 23

what is Glycine

Question 24

At the same time the AGONIST muscle in the reflex loop is being stimulated to contract
The ANTAGONIST Activation is being prevented.

The inactivation of the antagonist muscle during the muscle spindle reflex is ___________ inhibition?

Answer 24

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 25

Crossed extensor reflex

Answer 25

One muscle group lifts up
(foot off floor)

other muscle group supports
entire body weight

Question 26

Patellar reflex

Answer 26

Knee-jerk
lumbar L2-L4
normal response- knee extension spinal stretch reflects

Question 27

Bi-ceps reflex

Answer 27

Bicep jerk
C-5 C6 minimal
spinal stretch reflects
normal response biceps brachii contraction slight flexion

Question 28

Achilles reflex

Answer 28

Ankle jerk
sacral spine S1-S2
normal response plantar flexion spinal stretch reflects

Question 29

Plantar reflex

Answer 29

Complex motor pattern cerebral cortex to spinal cord
normal response adults toes curl downward
abnormal big toe flexes up other toes fan out