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Bio 202 Lab Exam 2 > Lab 6. Vertebrate Design > Flashcards

Lab 6. Vertebrate Design Flashcards

1
Q

3 things all members of Infraphylum Vertebrata possess

A
  1. Neural crest cells
  2. Ectodermal Placodes
  3. Vertebrae surrounding nerve cord (axial support)
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2
Q

Some functions of integument (know as many as you can but not word for word)

A
  • Protection from chemical injury, infection, desiccation
  • Protection from mechanical injury
  • Protection from predation
  • Reception/transduction of stimuli
  • Movement of materials for nutrition, excretion and respiration
  • Body temp. regulation
  • Locomotion
  • Colouration for cryptic or display purposes
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3
Q

3 main layers of the skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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4
Q

What is dermis?

A

Layer of vascularized connective tissue beneath dermis

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5
Q

What is hypodermis?

A

When present, located between dermis and deeper tissues

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6
Q

3 main functions of cartilage and bone

A
  1. Muscle attachment
  2. Skeletal support
  3. Absorption and storage of mechanical energy during locomotion
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7
Q

3 types of vertebrate muscles

A
  1. Striated (skeletal)
  2. Smooth (involuntary)
  3. Cardiac (heart)
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8
Q

What is striated muscle?

A

Responsible for gross movement (locomotion)

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9
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Occurs in skin and lining of gut, blood vessels and reproductive tract

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10
Q

All animals are what in terms of food acquisition?

A

Heterotrophs (aka. must consume other organisms or their products to meet nutritional requirements)

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11
Q

Vertebrates all have what kind of circulatory system?

A

Closed

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12
Q

4 things included in vertebrate blood

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Erythrocytes
  3. Leucocytes
  4. Platelets
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13
Q

What is plasma?

A

Water and dissolved gasses, salts, nutrients and proteins

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14
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Transport O2 and CO2

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15
Q

What are leucocytes?

A

Function primarily in immunity

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16
Q

What are platelets?

A

Function in blood clotting

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17
Q

3 possible types of respiration

A
  1. Cutaneous
  2. Gills
  3. Lungs
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18
Q

Using 2 methods of breathing simultaneously

A

Bimodal breathing

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19
Q

Definition of excretion

A

Elimination of metabolic waste products from an animal’s body (we’re gonna focus on nitrogenous waste)

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20
Q

Definition of osmoregulation

A

Regulation of the balance of water and solutes

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21
Q

Definition of isosmotic

A

Organism having same osmotic pressure than its environment

22
Q

Definition of hypoosmotic

A

Organism having lower osmotic pressure than its environment (most marine vertebrates - need water conservation)

23
Q

Definition hyperosmotic

A

Organism having higher osmotic pressure than its environment (freshwater vertebrates - need to get rid of excess water)

24
Q

3 types of kidney

A
  1. Pronephros
  2. Mesonephros
  3. Metanephros
25
Q

Pronephros definition

A
  • Most primitive kidney structure/first stage of kidney development
  • Functional only in embryos of fishes + amphibians (and adults of ancient fishes)
  • Usually excrete ammonia and have minimal need for water conservation
  • Few nephrons
26
Q

Mesonephros definition

A
  • Second stage of kidney development
  • Functional kidney during embryonic development in amniotes and in most adult fishes and amphibians
  • More nephrons than pronephros
27
Q

Metanephros definition

A
  • Functional kidney of adult reptiles, birds and mammals
  • High need for water conservation + higher metabolism
  • Excrete urea or uric acid
  • Large number of nephrons
28
Q

3 functions of nervous/sensory systems

A
  1. Perceive external environment and transmit info to organism
  2. Participate in regulation of internal environment
  3. Storage site for information
29
Q

Vertebrate brain has 3 regions meaning it is:

A

Tripartite

30
Q

3 parts of Vertebrate brain

A
  1. Forebrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Hindbrain
31
Q

4 parts of forebrain in adults

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Olfactory bulb
  3. Thalamus
  4. Hypothalamus
32
Q

Midbrain part

A

Optic lobe

33
Q

3 parts of hindbrain

A
  1. Cerebellum
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla oblongata
34
Q

Another name for forebrain

A

Prosencephalon

35
Q

Another name for midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

36
Q

Another name for hindbrain

A

Rhombencephalon

37
Q

Cerebrum function

A

Higher brain function

38
Q

Olfactory bulb function

39
Q

Thalamus function

A

Sensory relay

40
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Regulation of functions like temperature

41
Q

Optic lobe function

A

Reflex response coordination to visual, tactile and auditory input

42
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Coordination of motor activity

43
Q

Pons function

A

Connection of various regions of brain, regulation of breathing

44
Q

Medulla oblongata function

A

Reflex centre for breathing and cardiovascular function

45
Q

4 categories of sense organs

A
  1. Chemoreceptors
  2. Mechanoreceptors
  3. Photoreceptors
  4. Thermoreceptors
46
Q

External fertilization definition

A

Egg and sperm unite outside of female

47
Q

Internal fertilization definition

A

Egg and sperm unite inside of female

48
Q

Oviparous definition

A

Eggs laid outside of female

49
Q

Ovoviviparous definition

A

Eggs hatch inside of female and young are born alive

50
Q

Viviparous definition

A

Live birth

Bio 202 Lab Exam 2 (5 decks)

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