Lab 6 Leukaemia Investigations Flashcards
Types of leukaemia (4)
Acute myeloid
Acute lymphoid
Chronic Myeloid
Chronic lymphoid
Most common leukaemia in adults?
Chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL)
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
Most common leukaemia in children?
Acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL).
What does high presence of blasts in blood film indicate?
Acute leukaemia.
What suggests acute leukaemia?
> 20% blasts
Severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia
How to differentiate between myeloid and lymphoid blasts?
Must use flow cytometry
Sometimes auer rods are seen in myeloblasts which are not seen in lymphoblsts but are rare.
Elevated # of mature or near-mature WBCs indicates what type of leukaemia?
Chronic leukaemia
Myeloblast features
*Nucleus takes up majority of cell.
*Fine lacy chromatin with prominent nucleoli
*Cytoplasm is light blue (basophillic) = high RNA content.
*Auer rod is a distinctive but uncommon feature.
*No granules.
Promyelocyte features
*Slightly larger than blast
*Lower N:C ratio (deep blue cytoplasm)
*Few nucleoli
*Abundant primary granules
Myelocyte features
*Chromatin clumping
*Secondary granules visible (pink in neutrophils, orange in eosinophils, blue in basophils)
*More pink/purple than blue
*Cytoplasm is more abundant
Metamyelocyte features
*Obvious indentation in nucleus (kidney-shaped)
* Primary and secondary granules present.
*N:C ratio much lower.
*Chromatin is clumped and darker
Band Neutrophil features
*Horseshoe nucleus = “band form”
*Chromatin is very condensed
*plenty of cytoplasm with granules
Mature neutrophil features
*Pink cytoplasm
*Granules
*3-5 lobed nucleus connected by thin strands of heterochromatin.
Smear cells indicate what type of leukaemia?
Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemia.
Smear (smudge) cells are fragile lymphocytes that rupture during blood film prep.
Characteristic of CLL.
