Lab 6: Human Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

In order to survive actively metabolizing cells must be supplied with

Answer 1

O2 whereas waster CO2 must be removed.

Question 2

Why can’t larger animals do simple diffusion for the exchange of gasses between the environment?

Answer 2

the distance between the environment and internal body is too large for diffusion alone to supply tissues with O2 and remove excess CO2. They therefore have specialized structures to facilitate gas exchange.

Question 3

Alveoli

Answer 3

Small membranous air sacs.

Question 4

What are factors what influence diffusion of gases between lungs and the blood?

Answer 4

• the amount of respiratory surface area
• diffusion distance
• concentration gradient

Question 5

What is the alveoli about the size of?

Answer 5

A tennis court

Question 6

Does alveoli have thing or thick walls?

Answer 6

Thin and this provides a short diffusion distance.

Question 7

A high concentration gradient is ensured by….

Answer 7

1. ) Movement of blood with low O2 and High Co2 levels to the lungs.
2. ) Pulmonary ventilation (breathing), which maintains a high level of O2 and a lower level of CO2 in the alveolar air.

Question 8

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 8

The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during any one breathing cycle.

Question 9

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 9

After normal inspiration it is possible to breathe in additional air.

Question 10

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 10

After normal expiration, it is possible to exhale additional air.

Question 11

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 11

There is always a volume of air in the lungs that cannot be exhaled. The RV has lower O2 and higher CO2 concentrations than atmospheric air.

Question 12

Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 12

The maximal volume of air that can be exchanged during a single breathing cycle and represents the maximum TV possibly for a person. In this situation all of the IRV and ERV are used to generate the maximum volume of air exchange in the lung.

Question 13

What controls the adjustments of the Tv and breathing rate

Answer 13

Brains respiratory center in the medulla oblongata.

Question 14

Peripheral chemoreceptors:

Answer 14

to detect blood pH, O2, and CO2 levels

Question 15

Stretch receptors in the lungs:

Answer 15

provide important sensory information that modulates the activity of respiratory center neurons.

Question 16

Spirometer:

Answer 16

The quantity of air exchanged during lung ventilation can be measured.

Question 17

TLC

Answer 17

Total Lung capacity

Question 18

FRC

Answer 18

Functional residual capacity

Question 19

ERV

Answer 19

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 20

IC

Answer 20

Inspiratory capacity

Question 21

Breathing Rate (breaths/minute)=

Answer 21

60 (seconds/minute) / mean breathe period (sec/breath)

Question 22

In healthy indivduals what is the VC?

Answer 22

75% of the TLC

Question 23

TLC-VC=

Answer 23

RV

Question 24

VC (male subject)=

Answer 24

(0.052 x H) - (0.022 x A) - 3.60

Question 25

VC (female subject) =

Answer 25

(0.041 x H) - (0.018 x A) - 2.69

Question 26

inspiratory capacity IC =

Answer 26

TV + IRV

Question 27

expiratory capacity EC =

Answer 27

TV + ERV

Question 28

Functional residual capacity FRC=

Answer 28

ERV + RV

Question 29

Total Lung Capacity =

Answer 29

TV + RV + ERV + IRV

Question 30

Minute respiratory volume (L/minute)=

Answer 30

breathing rate X Mean tidal Volume