Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPC I > Lab 6 - Deep Neck, Larynx, and Pharynx > Flashcards

Lab 6 - Deep Neck, Larynx, and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Scalp

A

multilayered structure covering the neurocranium
- extends from superior border of orbit anteriorly to external occipital protuberance and adjacent occipital bone
- laterally to zygomatic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 layers of the scalp

S.C.A.L.P.

A
  • 3 outer most layers superficial to deep are
    1. skin
    2. dense connective tissue - well vascularized, adheres to adventitial of the vessels which prevents them from constricting when cut (profuse bleeding when cut)
    3. aponeurotic layer
  1. loose connective tissue (this is why its easy to slide scalp back and forth on skull)
    - this is a cleavage plane (easy to separate from the skull, and little resistance to infections)
  2. Periosteum of the skull (dense irregular CT layer surrounding bone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Occipitofrontalis Muscle

2 bellies

A
  • aponeurotic layer connects 2 bellies of this muscle
  • muscle of facial expression, innervated by facial nerve
  • Patients raise their eyebrow in a neurological exma to assess the integrity of the facial nerve
  • occipital belly - arrises from the occipital bone to blend with the aponeurosis
  • frontalis belly - wrinkles the skin of the forehead and rasies the eyebrow, arises from the skin of the eyebrows and extends into the aponeurosis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood Supply to the Scalp

anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly

A
  • anteriorly - supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the opthalmic arteries
  • Laterally - the superficial temporal branches of the external carotid arteries
  • posteriorly - auricular branches of the external carotid artery
  • These vessels anastomose freely within the dense CT
  • veinous drainage is by veins of the same name that accompany the arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Emissary Veins

A
  • additional route of venous drainage
  • they penetrate the skull bones to empty into intracranial vessels
  • potential route for scalp infectuon to spread intracranially
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Scalp and Superficial Face

A
  • lymphatic vessels follow arteries –> eventually reach some superficial group of nodes that form a ring aroung the base of the skill
  • the nodes cluster into groups with names that are regional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Superficial Nodes around the base of the skull

5 regions, M.O.P.S.S. up lymph

A
  1. occipital nodes
  2. retroauricular (mastoid) nodes
  3. Preauricular (parotid) nodes
  4. submandibular nodes
    – receives lymph from the tongue and floor of the the mouth
  5. submental nodes
    – receive lymph from the lower lip, the inferior part of the gingiva anf the top of the tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Deep Cervical Nodes

what drains into them?

A
  • occipital, retroauricular (mastoid), preauricular (parotid) drain directly into the deep cervical nodes
  • the deep cervical node chain along the internal jugular vein is the final common pathway for lymphatic drainage from head and neck tot he jugular trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Superficial Cervical Nodes

A
  • drain into the deep cervical node
  • located along the external jugular vein
  • Submental and submandibular nodes drain into these
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Deep Face Structures
P.R.I.J.

A
  • The Deep Cervical Nodes:
    1. Retropharyngeal node
    2. paratracheal node
    3. infrahyopid
  • These drain the posterior tongue, pharync, esophagus, larynx, trachea, and thyroid gland
  1. jugulodigastric node - consistently located just inferior to where the posterior belly of the digastric muscle crosses the internal jugular vein
    - receives lymph directly from the palatine tonsil and surrounding tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

`pharynx

A

passage common to the respiratory and digestive systems
- goes from base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage at the level of C6
- 3 layers to its walls :
- inner mucose
- muscular layer
- outer layer of CT (buccopharyngeal fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 regions of the pharynx

N.O.L.

A
  • Nasopharynx - opens to nasal cavity through* choanae*
  • base of skull to soft palate
  • oropharynx - opens to mouth through* fauces *
  • tip of soft palate to upper margin of the epiglottis
  • laryngopharynx - opens to larynx through laryngeal inlet
  • upper margin of epiglottis to lower border of crocoid cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscles of the pharynx

A
  • outer layer - circularly arranged muscle (pharyngeal constrictor)
  • inner layer - incomplete longitudinal layer formed by 2 pairs of muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A
  • paired muscles
  • superior constrictor - attached to the skull
  • middle constrictor - attached to the hyoid bone
  • inferior constrictor - attached to laryngeal cartilage
  • fibres of the muscles pass posteriorly and medially to meet each other in the midline at the pharyngeal raphe which is anchored to the pharyngeal tubercle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle

A
  • attached to the medial pterygoid plate, tot he mandible, and to an intervening ligament - pterygomandibular raphe
  • ## attaches posteriorly to the pterygomandibular raphe and buccinator muscle attached to it anteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pharyngobasilar or pharyneal fascia

related to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

A

Thick layer of connective tissue that fills the gap in musculature between the uppermost fibres of the superior constrictor and the base of the skull

17
Q

middle pharyngeal constrictor

A
  • anteriorly attached to the greater horn of the hyoid bone and to the stylohyoid ligament that connects the styloid process to the lesser horn
  • upper fibres overlap with the superior constrictor and partially encircle it
18
Q

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A
  • anteriorly attaches to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages
  • portion attached to the cricoid cartilage forms the cricopharyngeus muscle
  • this forms the upper esophageal sphincter
  • sphincter is normally closed but opens to let food through
  • upper fibres of the inferior constrictor overlap and partiually encircle the middle constrictor
19
Q

longitudinal muscles of the Pharynx

A
  • extend downward from origin to insert into the wall of the pharynx
  • raise the pharynx during swallowing
  • coordinates with narrowing of the pharynx to propel the food onward to the esophagus

3 muscles, names reflect origins -
1. stylopharyngeus - extends down to pharynx from styloid process
- enters pharynx by passing between superior and middle constrictors
2. salpingopharyngeus - extends down from medial end of the pharyngotympanic tube
3. palatopharyngeus extends down from the soft palate

salpingo - relating to a tube (here the Eustachian tube)

20
Q

Nerve supply to pharynx

A
  • all muscles innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve EXCEPT stylopharyngeus (innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve )
  • Sensation :
  • nasopharynx - pharyngeal branches of the maxillary nerve
  • oropharynx - glossopharyngeal nerve
  • laryngopharynx - internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus
21
Q

Deep Fascia of the Neck

A
  • organized into several layers which create compartments that determine the flow of free fluid and the spread of disease and infection
  • investing fascia - surrounding all structures in the neck
  • preverterbral fascia - surrounding the vertebral compartment
  • pretrachial fascia - surrounding visceral compartment
  • carotid sheath - surrounds the vascular compartment
22
Q

The Investing Fascia

A
  • surrounds all of the structures in the neck
  • attached posterirly to the superior nuchal (nape of the neck) line
  • splits open to enclose the trapezius the SCM, and the infrahyoid muscle
23
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A
  • surrounds the vertebral compartment
  • contains the cervical part of the vertebral cloumn, the prevertebral muscles, the deep muscles of the back and the anterior, middle and posterior scalene muscles
  • roots of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery emerge from in between the anterior and middle scalene to enter the upper limb
  • carry out an extension of this fascial layer which forms the axillary sheath
24
Q

Pretrachial Fascia

A
  • surrounds the visceral compartment
  • this compartment contains the esophagus, larynx, trachea, and thyroid. more superiorly surrounds the pharynx as the buccopharyngeal fascia
25
Q

Carotid Sheath

A
  • surrounds the vascular compartment
  • this compartment contains the common carotid artery (more anteriorly is internal carotid branch), the Internal Jugular vein and the vagus nerve.
26
Q

Larynx

A

structure that supports the airway and produces sound
- skeleton consists of a series of articulated
-

CPC I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions