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CPC I > Lab 5 - Superficial Neck, Nose, and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Lab 5 - Superficial Neck, Nose, and Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Cavity

A
  • opens anteriorly at oral fissure
  • roof - hard palate
  • floor - tongue and associated mucosa
  • lateral walls - cheeks
  • ends posteriorly at the oropharyngeal isthmus (narrowing that leads to the oropharynx)
    • guarded by the soft palate
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2
Q

soft palate

A
  • raised in swallowing to isolate the oropharynx from the nasopharynx
  • ensures that food proceeds towards the digestive tract and not up to the nasal cavity
  • the uvula is an extension of the soft palate in the midline
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3
Q

Oral Vestibule

A
  • the space outside the teeth
  • bounded by the lips and cheeks externally and teeth and gums (gingiva) internally
  • (space between clothed teeth and lips)
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4
Q

Oral Cavity Proper

A
  • the space contained within the alveolar processes and teeth
  • (space behind the closed teeth)
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5
Q

Superior and Inferior labial frenulum

A
  • superior labial frenulum - fold of mucous membrane along the midline connecting the upper lip to the gingiva
  • inferior labial frenulum - fold of mucous membrane along the midline connecting the lower lip to the gingiva
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6
Q

palatoglossal fold

A
  • anterior member of each pair of mucosal folds
  • aka anterior pillar
  • created by underlying palatoglossus muscle and its mucosa
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7
Q

Palatopharyngeal fold

A
  • aka posterior pillar
  • created by the palatopharyngeus muscle and its mucosa
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8
Q

palatine tonsil

A
  • found between the palatoglossal and patalopharyngeal folds
  • largest in children and atrophy with age
  • a bundle of lymphatic tissue
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9
Q

Palatoglossus muscle

A
  • muscle extending from the soft palate to the tongue
  • functions with palatopharyngeus to close the oropharyngeal isthmus but depressing the soft palate and pulling their respective folds toward the midline
  • elevates the tongue
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10
Q

palatopharyngeus muscle

A
  • muscle extending from the soft palate to the wall of the pharynx
  • functions with palatopharyngeus to close the oropharyngeal isthmus but depressing the soft palate and pulling their respective folds toward the midline
  • elevates the pharynx
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11
Q

Muscles of the Soft Palate

A
  • TVP - Tensor Veli Palitini Muscle
  • LVP - Levator Veli palitini muscle
  • Musculus uvula
  • Palatoglossus (also tongue)
  • Palatopharyngeus (also pahrynx)
  • All are innervated by CNX except TVP (CNV3)
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12
Q

Sulcus Terminalis

A

divides anterior 2/3 of the tongue from posterior 1/3

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13
Q

Muscles of the Tongue

A
  • 4 Intrinsic Muscles control shape
  • 4 Extrinsic muscles control position
  • Genioglossus - originates from chin (mandible, important for sticking out the tongue
  • styloglossus - originates from styloid process of the temporal bone
  • hyoglossus - originates from the hyoid bone
  • palatoglossus - originates from the soft palate

All innervated by CNXII

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14
Q

Innervation of the Tongue

5 cranial nerves

A
  • Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3) –> lingual nerve, general sensation, anterior 2/3
  • Facial Nerve (CN VII) –> chorda tympani, special sensation, anterior 2/3
  • Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) –> General AND special sensation, **posterior 1/3 **
  • Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) –> motor, exception palatoglossus
  • Vagus Nerve (CN X) - motor, Palatoglossus
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15
Q

Salivary Glands

A
  • 3 pairs
  • Parotid Gland - drains via parotid duct (Stensens duct) –> oral vestibule near 2nd maxillary molar
  • Submandibular - drains via submandibular duct (Whartons duct) –> sublingual caruncle under tongue
  • Sublingual - drains via mutliple sublingual ducts to multiple holes in sublingual fold under the tongue
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16
Q

Parts of the Nasal Passage

entrance, walls, floor, roof, exit

A
  • entrance - nares (nostrils)
  • Lateral wall - 3 conchae and 3 meatuses
  • medial wall - nasal septum
  • floor - hard palate
  • roof (anterior to posterior) Nasal bone,** Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone**, sphenoid bone
  • exit - choanae, the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. Posterior nasal apertures separated by the vomer
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17
Q

Nasal Passage - Conchae

A
  • projections from the lateral wall medially
  • 3 functions :
  • increase surface area
  • condition air - humidify, filter, warm
  • create turbulence to increase air and mucosa contact
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18
Q

Nasal Passage - Meatuses

A
  • 3 meatuses corresponding with the conchae
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
  • they are underneath the conchae
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19
Q

think superior conchae

Spheno-ethmoid recess

A
  • this is the recess above the superior conchae
  • Olfaction is restricted to this mucosa and the mucosa of the superior concha
20
Q

Nasal Passage - Bones of the Lateral Wall

A
  • body of the sphenoid bone - part of the roof
  • Hard palate - palatine process of the maxillary bone is anterior portion, horizontal process of the palatine bone
  • nasal bone - most anterior portion of the nose
  • cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
  • cartilage
21
Q

Semilunar Hiatus

A
  • important for the para nasal sinuses
  • found underneath the middle conchae
  • opening of the anterior ethmoidal air cells
22
Q

Ethmoidal bulla

A
  • protrusion found between underneath the middle conchae, above the semilunar hiatus
  • opening for the middle ethmoidal air cells
23
Q

Ethmoidal bulla

A
  • protrusion found between underneath the middle conchae, above the semilunar hiatus
  • opening for the **middle ethmoidal air cells **
24
Q

sphenopalatine foramen

A
  • location where pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the nose
25
Q

Nerve Supply to Nasal Cavity

A
  • lateral nasal branches
  • nasopalatine branch of V2
  • incisive foramen
  • anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of V1)
26
Q

Trigeminal Nerve - Maxillary V2

A
  • innervates the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
  • travels laterally to medially to the nasal septum,
  • ## travels through the incisive foramen to innervate the anterior hard palate
27
Q

Trigeminal nerve - Opthalmic Division V1

A
  • anterior ethmoid nerves
  • innervates the anterior part of the nose
28
Q

Maxillar artery

A
  • sphenopalatine artery branches from maxillary artery after passing through the sphenopalatine foramen
  • provides branches to the septum
    - Keisselbach’s Plexus (Little’s Area):
    1. Septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery
    2. ethmoidal branches of the opthalmic artery
    3. facial artery
    4. greater palatine artery - this travels through the incisive foramen to innervate the hard palate
  • This area is prone to nosebleeds (epistaxis)
29
Q

Blood Supply to the Nasal Cavity

A
  • maxillary artery
  • sphenopalatine artery
  • lateral nasal branches
  • Septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery
  • ethmoidal branches of the opthalmic artery
  • facial artery
  • greater palatine artery
30
Q

Tensor Levi Palatini Muscle (TVP)

A
  • originates from the lateral surface of medial pterygoid plate
  • found more laterally than LVP
  • hooks over the pterygoid hamulus
  • functions to stiffen the soft palate to open pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing
  • innervated by CN V3
31
Q

Pterygoid Hamulus

A
  • loops underneath bone into soft palette and then blends into tendon on the contralateral side
32
Q

Pterygoid Hamulus

A
  • loops underneath bone into soft palette and then blends into tendon on the contralateral side
33
Q

Levator Levi Palatini Muscle

A
  • only muscle that can raise soft palate to isolate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during swallowing
  • innervated by CN X
34
Q

Superficial Neck Muscles

A
  • Platysma
  • SCM
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Scalenes (upper branches of the brachial plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles)
  • Trapezius
35
Q

Platysma

A

extends from superficial fascia in the thorax to the mandible

36
Q

SCM

A
  • innervated by Accessory nerve XI
  • 2 heads :
  • Anterior head - extends from mastoid process to the manubrium of the sternum
  • Posterior head - extends from the mastoid process to the medial clavicle
  • SCM divides neck into 2 triangles
  • extension of the head and flexing the neck
  • oblique rotation of the head (side to side)
37
Q

Anterior and Posterior Triangles of the Neck

A
  • created by the SCM

Anterior Triangle –> upside down triangle, Borders:
- midline of neck medially
- anterior border of the SCM laterally
- inferior border of the mandible superiorly

Posterior Triangle –> right side up triangle, Borders:
- posterior border of the SCM anteriorly
- superior border of the trapezius posteriorly
- middle 1/3 of the clavicle inferiorly

  • CN XI passes through the posterior triangle to innervate SCM and trapezius
38
Q

Deep Neck Muscles

A

suprahyoid muscles
- digastric
- mylohyoid
- stylohyoid
- geniohyoid

Primary function of these muscles is to depress the hyoid bone during speech and swallowing

infrahypoid muscles
- sternohyoid
- sternothyoid
- thyrohyoid
- omohyoid

Primary function is to elevate the larynx during swalling and speech
- All innervated by the **ansa Cervicalis ** which contains branches of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cervical spinal nerves

39
Q

Sternohyoid

A
  • infrahyoid muscle
  • sternum to hyoid bone
  • hides 2 muscles underneath
40
Q

Sternothyroid

A
  • hidden under sternohyoid
  • extends from sternum to thyroid
41
Q

Thyrohyoid

A
  • hidden under sternohyoid
  • extends from thyroid to hypoid bone
42
Q

Omohyoid

A

Superior Belly
- extends from hyoid to a tendon anterior to the jugular vein

Inferior Belly
- extends from tendon to underneath the scapula

43
Q

Digastric

A
  • 2 bellies spearated by a tendon attached to the hyoid bone

Anterior Belly
- innervated by CN V3
- chin to tendon

Posterior Belly
- innervated by CN VII
- tendon to medial surface of mastoid notch

44
Q

Mylohyoid

A
  • Deep to the anterior digastric
  • innervated by CN V3
45
Q

Stylohyoid

A
  • superior to posterior belly of the digastric
  • tracks with the posterior belly of the digastric
  • styloid process to hyoid bone

CPC I (9 decks)

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