Lab 6 - Cardio

Question 1

what will you find in the endocardium layer and why

Answer 1

purkinje fibers, they are for electrical conduction

Question 2

how do you identify purkinje fibers based on appearance

Answer 2

they appear lighter and foamy compared to other cardiac muscle cells because of the glycogen pools present

Question 3

what will you find in the epicardium layer

Answer 3

large coronary vessels

Question 4

what type of epithelium lines the endocardium and epicardium, and what are their respective names for identification

Answer 4

both lined by simple squamous epithelium
epicardium = mesothelium
endocardium = endothelium

Question 5

what is the inner layer of blood vessels always lined with

Answer 5

endothelium

Question 6

what are the layers that make up the wall of blood vessels

Answer 6

tunica intima, media and adventitia

Question 7

what is the largest artery in the heart

Answer 7

aorta

Question 8

what type of artery is the aorta

Answer 8

elastic artery

Question 9

what type of vessels have a wavy interior and why

Answer 9

arteries… due to the smooth muscle contraction

Question 10

what type of vessel has more elastin in the adventitia than other layers

Answer 10

muscular artery

Question 11

what type of vessel has more elastin in the media than other layers

Answer 11

elastic arteries

Question 12

what type of vessel can you see the internal elastic lamina best in

Answer 12

arteries, in the intima layer

Question 13

how can capillaries be modified

Answer 13

they can be either highly permeable as in the kidneys, or very restrictive like in the CNS

Question 14

what fuses to create venules

Answer 14

capillaries

Question 15

what layer is mostly present in capillaries

Answer 15

intima

Question 16

where do you see pericytes

Answer 16

take place physically on vascular smooth muscle cells in capillaries and venules

Question 17

what does lymphatic drainage begin with

Answer 17

lacteals - blind ended lymph capillaries which fuse to make larger vessels that eventually dump contents into circulation in the thoracic cavity

Question 18

what is the purpose of valves and where do you find them

Answer 18

found in some larger veins, especially the veins in the extremities

ensure that blood in these low pressure vessels travels in one diretion only, and does not pool in the distal parts of limbs

Question 19

what do fenestrations allow through

Answer 19

molecules of small and intermediate size to enter or leave circulation

Question 20

what do discontinuous capillaries allow through

Answer 20

considerable exchange of proteins, lipoproteins, etc. between the blood and hepatocytes. despite the large size of the gaps, they are still too small to allow cells or platelets leave circulation

Question 21

what are lymphatic capillaries adapted for

Answer 21

adapted to collect lipids in the form of chylomicrons.

Question 22

where are sinusoids found

Answer 22

liver, spleen, bone marrow