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Bio 2000 lab > Lab 6 > Flashcards

Lab 6 Flashcards

Mitosis & Meiosis

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

-nuclear division that occurs in
* (1) occurs in the body (somatic) cells;
* (2) results in two daughter cells because there is only
one round of division
* (3) keeps the chromosome number constant (same as
the parent cell)

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2
Q

Mitosis occurs only in

A

eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

the major purpose of mitosis is

A

for growth and to replace worn-out cells

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4
Q

The duration of cell division

A

10% time of cell cycle

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5
Q

The cell cycle

A

G1+S+G2+M+C

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6
Q

Interphase

A

G1+S+G2

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7
Q

Cell division

A

M+C

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8
Q

Eukaryotic cell division occurs in

A

2 different stages

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9
Q

Mitosis divides the cells

A

nucleus

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10
Q

CYTOKINESIS divides the cells

A

cytoplasm

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11
Q

Before cell division, each chromosome is copied during which phase?

A

S phase

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12
Q

Each chromosome consists of two identical

A

“sister” chromatids

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13
Q

When the cell divides, the chromatids separate. Each daughter cell gets one chromatid, so they have the

A

same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

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14
Q

what are the 5 stages of mitosis?

A
  • Prophase
  • Prometaphase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • telophase

PPMAT

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15
Q

Interphase

A

Chromatin is condensing into chromosomes

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16
Q

Prophase

A
  • Duplicated chromosomes are
    visible.
  • Nucleolus is disappeared.

*Nuclear membrane begins to
dissolve.

17
Q

Prometaphase

A
  • Nuclear membrane has completely dissolves
18
Q

Metaphase

A

Centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (center of fully formed spindle)

19
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids part and become daughter chromosomes that move toward the spindle poles

20
Q

Telophase

A
  • At each pole of the cell a full set of chromosomes gather together.
  • A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei
21
Q

Mitosis in animal cells

A

Formation of asters with centrioles and of a
cleavage furrow are distinctive features

22
Q

Mitosis in Plant cells

A

Cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate
* Spindle apparatus has centrosome, but no centriole

23
Q

what is meiosis?

A

involves an additional round of chromosome separation, also called “reduction division”

  • Occurs in gametes (sex cells)
  • Result is a set of haploid (n) cells from a single
    diploid (2n) cell
24
Q

Diploid

A

Having the full chromosome number

25
Q

Haploid

A

Having half the full chromosome number

26
Q

What are homologous
chromosomes?

A

matching pairs of chromosomes that carry
genes for same traits.

27
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

identical copies of chromosome made during the S phase of interphase, must have same allele forms

28
Q

how many processes of division are in meiosis?

A

2

29
Q

what is meiosis 1?

A

involves nearly identical phases as mitosis
(prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I) but
bivalents are paired during metaphase (crossing-over).

30
Q

What is Meiosis 2?

A

involves a second round of division (prophase
II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II), but the sister
chromatids of each chromosome are separated during
anaphase II.
* result in four haploid(n) cells.

31
Q

what happens during prophase I of meiosis ?

A

each chromosome (pair of sister chromatids) pairs with its homologue to form a bivalent.

  • this pairing of homologous chromosomes is called
    synapsis
32
Q

what happens during synapsis?

A

the four chromatids exchange homologous segments of genetic material (alleles) in a process called crossing-over

  • produces new genetic combinations
33
Q

know this

A

2n=6 MITOSIS 2n=6
Diploid 2n=6 MEIOSIS I n=3 Haploid

34
Q

Gametogenesis

A

Formation of haploid gametes from diploid cells by the process of meiosis

35
Q

Fusion of haploid sperm (n) and haploid egg (n) (created by meiotic division) during _______ produces a diploid
zygote (2n).

A

fertilization

36
Q

Somatic cells

A

*These create all tissues and organs of the adult.
*They can only undergo mitosis.

37
Q

Germline Cells

A

*The final differentiated form of these cells are mature
gametes: the sperm and egg.
*These cells undergo mitosis until gametogenesis, then
undergo meiosis.

38
Q
A

Bio 2000 lab (5 decks)

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