Lab 5, 6, 7 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the two groups within seed plants
A
gymnosperms and angiosperms
2
Q
gymnosperms
A
produce naked seeds (ex: conifers)
3
Q
angiosperms
A
produce enclosed seeds (ex: flowering plants, fruit plants)
4
Q
seed plants
A
- vascular
- alteration of generation
- dominant sporophyte generation
5
Q
what are the two crucial reproductive adaptations to terrestrial life
A
pollen and seeds
6
Q
pollen
A
thick walled, dessication resistant, male gametophyte of seed plants
carries sperm
occurs before fertilization
7
Q
seed
A
ripened ovule
contains female gametophyte
egg is produced within gametophyte
8
Q
what three things do all seeds have at maturity
A
1) a diploid sphorophyte embryo
2) food supply
3) protective seed coat
9
Q
phylum coniferophyta
A
produce cones
ex : pines, spruces, cedars, and junipers
evergreen plants
harsh enviroments - northern forests
10
Q
where are conifers found
A
boreal forest
11
Q
where are junipers found
A
central regions
12
Q
where are lodgepole pines found
A
cypress hills - southwestern province
13
Q
which phylum is picea in and what is the common name
A
coniferophyta - spruce tree is common name
14
Q
picea
A
vascular
long conical tree
boreal forest
needle like leaves with cuticle
15
Q
tracheids
A
xylem cells transporting water in vascular tissie plants
16
Q
cuticle
A
thick waxy material to prevent water loss
17
Q
pollen cone
A
pollen containing male reproductive part of picea
18
Q
what does pollen cone contain
A
microsporophylls
19
Q
what is in microsporophylls
A
microsporangia
20
Q
microsporangia
A
long yellow sacs - two in microsporophylls - create pollen
21
Q
ovule cone
A
female cone of picea - contains ovuliferous scales
22
Q
ovuliferous scales
A
contains two small whitish ovules
23
Q
ovules in picea
A
two of them in each scale - riped into seeds - bears a flattened wing
24
Q
purpose of wing in female cones
A
to help with air borne dispersion
25
friends of picea
sequoia, norfolk island pine, juniper, cycad, and ginkgo
26
phylum anthophyta
flowering plants
angiosperms
27
general flower structure parts
sepals, petals, stamens and carpels
28
sepal
green and enclose and protect the other flower parts
29
petals
colourful, and attract pollinators
30
stamen
male organ inside the petals
composed of a slender filament and an anther at the end of it
31
anther
pollen producing organ
contains four sporangia which produce pollegn grain and turn into non motile sperm
32
carpel
female organ
1 or more
3 parts - stigma, style, and ovary
33
pistil
more than 1 caprel fused together
34
stigma
part of carpel - tip of the carpel recieves pollen from anther
35
style
thin stalk-like poriton of carpel
36
ovary
swollen base of carpel contains ovule - inside each is a female gametophyte which produces egg
37
which phylum is lilium from and common name
anthophyta - prarie lily
38
habitat of lilium
grasslands, slough margins, undegrowth of northern forests
39
locules
chambers of the ovary - containing ovule
40
how to know how many locules a plant has
correspond to how many carpels have formed a pistil
41
funiculus
short wide stalk connecting ovule to placenta
42
friends of prarie lily
sunflower, wheat
43
fruits
ripened/mature ovaries of flowers
44
male reproduction process
microsporangium -> meiosis -> microspore -> pollen grain -> sperm
45
subkingdoms of kingdom animalia
parazoa and eumetazoa
46
kingdom animalia
- mm to 32 meteres long
- multicellular
- embryo
- no cell walls
- heterotrophic
47
what phylum is part of parazoa
porifera
48
phylum porifera (sponges)
- no true tissues or organs
- aquatic
- half a cm to 2 metre
- no obvious symmetry
- bodies made up of few types of cells
- few predators
- sessile
- internal cavity
- filter feeding
49
what makes up the bodies of sponges
spongin and spicules
50
spongin
fiberous protein making up a sponge's body
51
spicules
hard fragments of calcium carbonate or silica making up the sponge's body
52
why do sponges not have that many predators
- produce and store noxious substances
- spicules and spongin are relatively indigestible
53
spongocoel
internal cavity lined with flagellated cells to draw in water, particles, and organisms
54
osculum
large opening in sponge's body
55
filter feeding
1. spongocoel brings in water particles and organisms
2. trapped in a mucilaginous material and transported to cells for digestioon
3. water and waste leaves through the osculum
56
grantia phylum and kingdom
porifera, parazoa, animalia
57
where is grantia found
coast lines of north atlantic - hanging upside down beneath rock or attached to algae
58
grantia
colonial spone
several tubes attach together
tan colour
filter feeding
hermaphroditic
59
hermaphroditic
greek gods - hermes + aphrodite joined in one body
produces both male and female gametes
60
how does grantia reproduce
releases sperm to swim to eggs within other sponges
grows into embryo
grows flagellated larva
emerges into spongocoel
leaves through osculum
- also through fragmentation
61
friends of grantia
aplysina, spongilla
62
phylum in eumetazoa
cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda
63
subkingdom eumetazoa
true tissues and organs
64
what symmetry do cnidarias have
radial
65
phylum cnidaria
- radial symmetry
- stinging cells
- simple body system
- dipoblastic acoelomate
66
dipoblastic acoelomate
two layers - endoderm and ectoderm
not hollow
no true body cavity lined with mesoder
67
endoderm
inner layer of gastrodermis
68
ectoderm
outer layer of epidermis
69
mesoglea
binds ectoderm and endoderm
non cellular
70
how do cnidarians capture prey
- nematocysts immoblize prey by venom
- tentacles push prey into mouth/anus
- goes into gastrovascular cavity
71
gastrovascular cavity
digestive cavity that has only one opening
72
do cnidarians have muscle tissue
no, they contain muslce fibers
73
nerve net
diffuse group of nerve cells spread throughout the body - used for contraction of fibers
74
hydrostatic skeleton
when the mouth/anus close the gastrovascular cavity becomes this - body is supported by water pressure - can manipulate tentacles
75
life cycles of cnidarians
complex - polyp and medusa
76
polyp
sessile forms - body column, crown of tentacles, attached by a basal disk - solitary or colony - imagine a palm tree
77
medusa
upside down polyps - imagine a jellyfish - tentacles underneath a dome shaped body
78
how do cnidarias reproduce
asexually through budding or sexually
79
hydra phylum and kingdom
eumetazoa, cnidaria, animalia
80
where is hydra found
sloughs, streams, and lakes, in saskatchewan - one of the few freshwater cnidarians
81
hydra
- heterotrophic
- radially symmetry
- preys on tiny aquatic organisms
- polyp body form only
82
friends of hydra
obelia, portugese man of war, sea anemone, coral
83
phylum platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- worms
- dorsally ventrally flattened
- bilateraly symmetry
- well developed tissues and organs
- triploblastic acoelomate
- cephalization
- pharynx
84
mesoderm in flatworms
mixture of cell and fluids
85
development of mesoderm in flatworms
created need for excretory system
more complex
86
platyhelminthes
metabolic waste production
increased sie
has gastrovascular cavity
87
platyhelminthes gastrovascular cavity
mouth anus at the end of a pharynx
88
cephalization
nervous system of flatworms - concentration of nerve tissue and sensory structures in the head region
89
dugesia kingdom phylum
platyhelminthes, eumetazoa, animalia
90
where is dugesia found
freshwater streams, ponds in sask
91
how does dugesia move
film of mucus from its ventral surface - cilia
92
dugesia cells
true muscle cells due to mesoderm - contraction using fluid portion of mesoderm
93
dugesia reproduction
hermaphrodite - internal fertilizatioon OR fragmentation
94
friends of dugesia
tapeworm, chinese liver fluke
95
phylum nemotada
parasitic or free living
bilateral symmetry
round body
tubular gut
cuticle
triploblastic pseudocoelomate
96
tubular gut
dugesia has a long tube to digest food instead of cavity - one end is mouth one end is anus
97
triploblastic pseudocoelomate
3 layers - endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
- pseudocoelomate cavity in between mesoderm and endoderm
98
turbatrix kingdom and phylum
eumetazoa, nematoda
99
turbatrix living
in acidic enviroments - rotting fruit or veggies
100
how does turbatrix eat
mouth anterior end
connected to pharynx
ends with anus at posterior end
101
pseuodcoelom
fat droplets will be stored here
102
anterior end of turbatrix
contains reproductive structures
103
turbatrix fertilization
internal fertilization
104
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
- Bilateral symmetry - triploblastic coelomata - moist terrestrial environments
105
Which phylum is lumbricus from
Annelida, Emmettazoa
106
Lumbricus
- Native to Europe -live in burrows - 20cm - cuticle - feeds on organic detritus
107
Clitellum
Thick region covering 6 segments; secretes mucus and houses eggs
108
Setae
Short bristles providing traction for locomotion
109
Why are segmented worms firm?
Due to the pressure of coeliac fluid; digestive tract have separate muscles
110
Segmentation in worms
Important in locomotion- circular and longitudinal muscles
111
Septa
Separate the body into segments
112
Coelom
Fluid filled body cavity that contains internal organs
113
Digestive tract
Tube running the length of the body
114
What are the outer layers of the digestive tract and muscles of the body made of
Mesoderm
115
How do segmented worms eat
1. Pharynx takes in food_anterior
2. Esophagus
3. Stored in crop
4. Gizzard - ground up
5. Intestine
6. Anus
116
Now many hearts does a segmented worm have
Five
117
Blood vessel in lumbricus
Dorsal-digestive tract
Ventral- takes blood posteriorly
118
Seminal vesicles-
Store sperm
119
Seminal receptacles
Receive sperm
120
Lumbricus reproduction
Hermaphroditic
121
Ventral nerve cord
Contraction of nerves
122
Friends of lumbricus
Sandworm, leech
123
Phylum mollosca
Soft bodies + hard shell
Triploblastic coelomata
Bilateral symmetry
Tubular digestive tract
Not segmented
124
What 3 regions do the mollusk have
1. The foot
2. The visceral mass
3. The mantle
125
Visceral Mass
Contains the internal organs
126
Mantle
Fold of tissue that secretes the shell
127
What phylum and kingdom is pomade from
Mollusk eumetazoa
'
128
Pomacea
Snail
Southern America
Freshwater
Omnivorous
Separate male and female
Gills and lungs
129
Radula
Pomacea - teeth to get food
130
Tentacles
Pomacea
1. Posterior - eyes
2. Anterior - touch
131
Friends of Pomacea
Clam octopus squid
132
Phylum Arthropoda
Hard bodied crustaceans
Multitude of habitats
Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton
Triploblastic coelomate
Bilateral symmetry
Tubular digestive tract
133
What is the exoskeleton made of
Chitin
134
Which phylum and kingdom is cambarus from
Arthpoda, eumetazoa
135
Cambarus
Crayfish
Streams and rivers
Gills
Predators and detritiviores
136
Cephalothorax
Cambarus - head and thorax fused into one unit
137
Carapace
Covering head and thorax of crayfish
138
Mouth parts
Maxillipeds, maxillae, mandibles
139
Maxillipeds and maxillae
Break up and guide food to mouth
140
Mandibles
Cutting and grinding food
141
Pleopods
Create a current of water aiding in respiration
142
Gonopods
Transfer sperm
143
Telson and utopias
Telson in middle with uropod and each side makes up a tail fin
144
Friends of cambarus
Spider, tick, grasshopper
