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Bio 121 Lab > Lab 5, 6, 7 > Flashcards

Lab 5, 6, 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the two groups within seed plants

A

gymnosperms and angiosperms

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2
Q

gymnosperms

A

produce naked seeds (ex: conifers)

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3
Q

angiosperms

A

produce enclosed seeds (ex: flowering plants, fruit plants)

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4
Q

seed plants

A
  • vascular
  • alteration of generation
  • dominant sporophyte generation
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5
Q

what are the two crucial reproductive adaptations to terrestrial life

A

pollen and seeds

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6
Q

pollen

A

thick walled, dessication resistant, male gametophyte of seed plants
carries sperm
occurs before fertilization

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7
Q

seed

A

ripened ovule
contains female gametophyte
egg is produced within gametophyte

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8
Q

what three things do all seeds have at maturity

A

1) a diploid sphorophyte embryo
2) food supply
3) protective seed coat

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9
Q

phylum coniferophyta

A

produce cones
ex : pines, spruces, cedars, and junipers
evergreen plants
harsh enviroments - northern forests

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10
Q

where are conifers found

A

boreal forest

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11
Q

where are junipers found

A

central regions

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12
Q

where are lodgepole pines found

A

cypress hills - southwestern province

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13
Q

which phylum is picea in and what is the common name

A

coniferophyta - spruce tree is common name

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14
Q

picea

A

vascular
long conical tree
boreal forest
needle like leaves with cuticle

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15
Q

tracheids

A

xylem cells transporting water in vascular tissie plants

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16
Q

cuticle

A

thick waxy material to prevent water loss

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17
Q

pollen cone

A

pollen containing male reproductive part of picea

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18
Q

what does pollen cone contain

A

microsporophylls

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19
Q

what is in microsporophylls

A

microsporangia

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20
Q

microsporangia

A

long yellow sacs - two in microsporophylls - create pollen

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21
Q

ovule cone

A

female cone of picea - contains ovuliferous scales

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22
Q

ovuliferous scales

A

contains two small whitish ovules

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23
Q

ovules in picea

A

two of them in each scale - riped into seeds - bears a flattened wing

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24
Q

purpose of wing in female cones

A

to help with air borne dispersion

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25
Q

friends of picea

A

sequoia, norfolk island pine, juniper, cycad, and ginkgo

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26
Q

phylum anthophyta

A

flowering plants
angiosperms

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27
Q

general flower structure parts

A

sepals, petals, stamens and carpels

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28
Q

sepal

A

green and enclose and protect the other flower parts

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29
Q

petals

A

colourful, and attract pollinators

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30
Q

stamen

A

male organ inside the petals
composed of a slender filament and an anther at the end of it

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31
Q

anther

A

pollen producing organ
contains four sporangia which produce pollegn grain and turn into non motile sperm

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32
Q

carpel

A

female organ
1 or more
3 parts - stigma, style, and ovary

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33
Q

pistil

A

more than 1 caprel fused together

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34
Q

stigma

A

part of carpel - tip of the carpel recieves pollen from anther

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35
Q

style

A

thin stalk-like poriton of carpel

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36
Q

ovary

A

swollen base of carpel contains ovule - inside each is a female gametophyte which produces egg

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37
Q

which phylum is lilium from and common name

A

anthophyta - prarie lily

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38
Q

habitat of lilium

A

grasslands, slough margins, undegrowth of northern forests

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39
Q

locules

A

chambers of the ovary - containing ovule

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40
Q

how to know how many locules a plant has

A

correspond to how many carpels have formed a pistil

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41
Q

funiculus

A

short wide stalk connecting ovule to placenta

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42
Q

friends of prarie lily

A

sunflower, wheat

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43
Q

fruits

A

ripened/mature ovaries of flowers

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44
Q

male reproduction process

A

microsporangium -> meiosis -> microspore -> pollen grain -> sperm

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45
Q

subkingdoms of kingdom animalia

A

parazoa and eumetazoa

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46
Q

kingdom animalia

A
  • mm to 32 meteres long
  • multicellular
  • embryo
  • no cell walls
  • heterotrophic
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47
Q

what phylum is part of parazoa

A

porifera

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48
Q

phylum porifera (sponges)

A
  • no true tissues or organs
  • aquatic
  • half a cm to 2 metre
  • no obvious symmetry
  • bodies made up of few types of cells
  • few predators
  • sessile
  • internal cavity
  • filter feeding
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49
Q

what makes up the bodies of sponges

A

spongin and spicules

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50
Q

spongin

A

fiberous protein making up a sponge’s body

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51
Q

spicules

A

hard fragments of calcium carbonate or silica making up the sponge’s body

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52
Q

why do sponges not have that many predators

A
  • produce and store noxious substances
  • spicules and spongin are relatively indigestible
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53
Q

spongocoel

A

internal cavity lined with flagellated cells to draw in water, particles, and organisms

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54
Q

osculum

A

large opening in sponge’s body

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55
Q

filter feeding

A
  1. spongocoel brings in water particles and organisms
  2. trapped in a mucilaginous material and transported to cells for digestioon
  3. water and waste leaves through the osculum
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56
Q

grantia phylum and kingdom

A

porifera, parazoa, animalia

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57
Q

where is grantia found

A

coast lines of north atlantic - hanging upside down beneath rock or attached to algae

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58
Q

grantia

A

colonial spone
several tubes attach together
tan colour
filter feeding
hermaphroditic

59
Q

hermaphroditic

A

greek gods - hermes + aphrodite joined in one body
produces both male and female gametes

60
Q

how does grantia reproduce

A

releases sperm to swim to eggs within other sponges
grows into embryo
grows flagellated larva
emerges into spongocoel
leaves through osculum
- also through fragmentation

61
Q

friends of grantia

A

aplysina, spongilla

62
Q

phylum in eumetazoa

A

cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda

63
Q

subkingdom eumetazoa

A

true tissues and organs

64
Q

what symmetry do cnidarias have

A

radial

65
Q

phylum cnidaria

A
  • radial symmetry
  • stinging cells
  • simple body system
  • dipoblastic acoelomate
66
Q

dipoblastic acoelomate

A

two layers - endoderm and ectoderm
not hollow
no true body cavity lined with mesoder

67
Q

endoderm

A

inner layer of gastrodermis

68
Q

ectoderm

A

outer layer of epidermis

69
Q

mesoglea

A

binds ectoderm and endoderm
non cellular

70
Q

how do cnidarians capture prey

A
  • nematocysts immoblize prey by venom
  • tentacles push prey into mouth/anus
  • goes into gastrovascular cavity
71
Q

gastrovascular cavity

A

digestive cavity that has only one opening

72
Q

do cnidarians have muscle tissue

A

no, they contain muslce fibers

73
Q

nerve net

A

diffuse group of nerve cells spread throughout the body - used for contraction of fibers

74
Q

hydrostatic skeleton

A

when the mouth/anus close the gastrovascular cavity becomes this - body is supported by water pressure - can manipulate tentacles

75
Q

life cycles of cnidarians

A

complex - polyp and medusa

76
Q

polyp

A

sessile forms - body column, crown of tentacles, attached by a basal disk - solitary or colony - imagine a palm tree

77
Q

medusa

A

upside down polyps - imagine a jellyfish - tentacles underneath a dome shaped body

78
Q

how do cnidarias reproduce

A

asexually through budding or sexually

79
Q

hydra phylum and kingdom

A

eumetazoa, cnidaria, animalia

80
Q

where is hydra found

A

sloughs, streams, and lakes, in saskatchewan - one of the few freshwater cnidarians

81
Q

hydra

A
  • heterotrophic
  • radially symmetry
  • preys on tiny aquatic organisms
  • polyp body form only
82
Q

friends of hydra

A

obelia, portugese man of war, sea anemone, coral

83
Q

phylum platyhelminthes (flatworms)

A
  • worms
  • dorsally ventrally flattened
  • bilateraly symmetry
  • well developed tissues and organs
  • triploblastic acoelomate
  • cephalization
  • pharynx
84
Q

mesoderm in flatworms

A

mixture of cell and fluids

85
Q

development of mesoderm in flatworms

A

created need for excretory system
more complex

86
Q

platyhelminthes

A

metabolic waste production
increased sie
has gastrovascular cavity

87
Q

platyhelminthes gastrovascular cavity

A

mouth anus at the end of a pharynx

88
Q

cephalization

A

nervous system of flatworms - concentration of nerve tissue and sensory structures in the head region

89
Q

dugesia kingdom phylum

A

platyhelminthes, eumetazoa, animalia

90
Q

where is dugesia found

A

freshwater streams, ponds in sask

91
Q

how does dugesia move

A

film of mucus from its ventral surface - cilia

92
Q

dugesia cells

A

true muscle cells due to mesoderm - contraction using fluid portion of mesoderm

93
Q

dugesia reproduction

A

hermaphrodite - internal fertilizatioon OR fragmentation

94
Q

friends of dugesia

A

tapeworm, chinese liver fluke

95
Q

phylum nemotada

A

parasitic or free living
bilateral symmetry
round body
tubular gut
cuticle
triploblastic pseudocoelomate

96
Q

tubular gut

A

dugesia has a long tube to digest food instead of cavity - one end is mouth one end is anus

97
Q

triploblastic pseudocoelomate

A

3 layers - endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
- pseudocoelomate cavity in between mesoderm and endoderm

98
Q

turbatrix kingdom and phylum

A

eumetazoa, nematoda

99
Q

turbatrix living

A

in acidic enviroments - rotting fruit or veggies

100
Q

how does turbatrix eat

A

mouth anterior end
connected to pharynx
ends with anus at posterior end

101
Q

pseuodcoelom

A

fat droplets will be stored here

102
Q

anterior end of turbatrix

A

contains reproductive structures

103
Q

turbatrix fertilization

A

internal fertilization

104
Q

Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)

A
  • Bilateral symmetry - triploblastic coelomata - moist terrestrial environments
105
Q

Which phylum is lumbricus from

A

Annelida, Emmettazoa

106
Q

Lumbricus

A
  • Native to Europe -live in burrows - 20cm - cuticle - feeds on organic detritus
107
Q

Clitellum

A

Thick region covering 6 segments; secretes mucus and houses eggs

108
Q

Setae

A

Short bristles providing traction for locomotion

109
Q

Why are segmented worms firm?

A

Due to the pressure of coeliac fluid; digestive tract have separate muscles

110
Q

Segmentation in worms

A

Important in locomotion- circular and longitudinal muscles

111
Q

Septa

A

Separate the body into segments

112
Q

Coelom

A

Fluid filled body cavity that contains internal organs

113
Q

Digestive tract

A

Tube running the length of the body

114
Q

What are the outer layers of the digestive tract and muscles of the body made of

A

Mesoderm

115
Q

How do segmented worms eat

A
  1. Pharynx takes in food_anterior
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stored in crop
  4. Gizzard - ground up
  5. Intestine
  6. Anus
116
Q

Now many hearts does a segmented worm have

A

Five

117
Q

Blood vessel in lumbricus

A

Dorsal-digestive tract
Ventral- takes blood posteriorly

118
Q

Seminal vesicles-

A

Store sperm

119
Q

Seminal receptacles

A

Receive sperm

120
Q

Lumbricus reproduction

A

Hermaphroditic

121
Q

Ventral nerve cord

A

Contraction of nerves

122
Q

Friends of lumbricus

A

Sandworm, leech

123
Q

Phylum mollosca

A

Soft bodies + hard shell
Triploblastic coelomata
Bilateral symmetry
Tubular digestive tract
Not segmented

124
Q

What 3 regions do the mollusk have

A
  1. The foot
  2. The visceral mass
  3. The mantle
125
Q

Visceral Mass

A

Contains the internal organs

126
Q

Mantle

A

Fold of tissue that secretes the shell

127
Q

What phylum and kingdom is pomade from

A

Mollusk eumetazoa
‘

128
Q

Pomacea

A

Snail
Southern America
Freshwater
Omnivorous
Separate male and female
Gills and lungs

129
Q

Radula

A

Pomacea - teeth to get food

130
Q

Tentacles

A

Pomacea
1. Posterior - eyes
2. Anterior - touch

131
Q

Friends of Pomacea

A

Clam octopus squid

132
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

Hard bodied crustaceans
Multitude of habitats
Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton
Triploblastic coelomate
Bilateral symmetry
Tubular digestive tract

133
Q

What is the exoskeleton made of

A

Chitin

134
Q

Which phylum and kingdom is cambarus from

A

Arthpoda, eumetazoa

135
Q

Cambarus

A

Crayfish
Streams and rivers
Gills
Predators and detritiviores

136
Q

Cephalothorax

A

Cambarus - head and thorax fused into one unit

137
Q

Carapace

A

Covering head and thorax of crayfish

138
Q

Mouth parts

A

Maxillipeds, maxillae, mandibles

139
Q

Maxillipeds and maxillae

A

Break up and guide food to mouth

140
Q

Mandibles

A

Cutting and grinding food

141
Q

Pleopods

A

Create a current of water aiding in respiration

142
Q

Gonopods

A

Transfer sperm

143
Q

Telson and utopias

A

Telson in middle with uropod and each side makes up a tail fin

144
Q

Friends of cambarus

A

Spider, tick, grasshopper

Bio 121 Lab (2 decks)

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