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BIO 189 Lab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

microscopy and the cell

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the difference between a light compound microscope and a dissecting microscope?

A

a compound microscope is used to examine types of cells, micro organisms, and tissues where s the dissecting microscope is used to view larger objects and dissecting.

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2
Q

microscope part: the uppermost lens or series of lenses through which a specimen is views

A

ocular (eyepiece)

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3
Q

microscope part: connects the ocular to the body tube

A

draw tube

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4
Q

microscope part: holds the nosepiece at one end and includes the draw tube

A

body

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5
Q

microscope part: serves as a handle

A

arm

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6
Q

microscope part: revolves and holds the objectives

A

nosepiece

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7
Q

microscope part: lower lenses attaches to the nosepiece

A

objectives

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8
Q

microscope part: use for viewing larger specimens or searching for a specimen; magnifies an object 4x

A

scanning objective

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9
Q

microscope part: used for coarse and preliminary focusing; magnifies an object approximately 10x

A

low-power objective

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10
Q

microscope part: used for final and fine focusing; magnifies an object approximately 40x

A

high-power objective

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11
Q

microscope part: uses the optical properties of immersion oil to help magnify a specimen

A

oil-immersion objective

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12
Q

microscope part: platform on which slides are placed

A

stage

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13
Q

microscope part: serves as the source of illumination for the microscope

A

light source (illuminator)

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14
Q

microscope part: regulates light entering the microscope; usually is controlled by a mechanical lever or rotating disk

A

iris diaphragm

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15
Q

microscope part: a lens system found beneath the state; used to focus the light on the specimen

A

condensor

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16
Q

microscope part: used to adjust then microscope on scanning and low power only

A

coarse-adjustment knob

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17
Q

microscope part: used to adjust the specimen into final focus

A

fine adjustment knob

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18
Q

microscope part: the supportive portion of the microscope, which rests on the laboratory table

A

base

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19
Q

definition: after the image is focused with one objective, it should focus with others

A

parfocal

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20
Q

definition: specific distance from the lens where the specimen can be sharply focused

A

plane of focus

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21
Q

definition: the thickness of the specimen

A

depth of field

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22
Q

describe the steps in preparing a wet mount slide

A
  1. make sure the slide and coverslip are clean.
  2. place the specimen in the center of the slide
  3. add a drop of the liquid in the center of the slide on top of the specimen.
  4. place the coverslip over at a 45 degree angle to avoid air bubbles.
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23
Q

organisms composed of one cell

A

unicellular

24
Q

loosely connected groups or aggregates of cells

A

colonial organisms

25
Q

give an example of a colonial organism :

A

volvox

26
Q

organisms composed of many cells

A

multicellular

27
Q

groups of cells and their intercellular substances similar in structure and function are called :

A

tissues

28
Q

this cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles like mitochondria. they are generally small

A

prokaryotic cells

29
Q

this cell is structurally complex, larger, and have a membrane bound nucleus and a variety or organelles

A

eukaryotic cells

30
Q

true bacteria, more known to the general public
ex: meningitis

A

eubacteria

31
Q

ancient bacteria, found in living in extreme environments like salty habitats, hot env., etc

A

archaebacteria

32
Q

rod shaped bacteria

A

bacillus

33
Q

spherical shaped bacteria

A

coccus

34
Q

spiral shaped bacteria

A

spirillum

35
Q

cell function: in plant cells, a cellulose envelope that provides protection and shape

A

cell wall

36
Q

cell function: a phospholipid bilayer that provides support and regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

A

plasma membrane

37
Q

cell function: a semifluid medium located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

cell function: the control center of the cell

A

nucleus

39
Q

cell function: membrane surrounding the nucleus; possesses numerous nuclear pores

A

nuclear envelope

40
Q

cell function: cytoplasm within the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

41
Q

cell function: chromatin-rich region that serves to combine proteins and RNA to make ribosomal subunits

A

nucleolus

42
Q

cell function: diffuse, threadlike strands composed of DNA and proteins

A

chromatin

43
Q

cell function: site of aerobic cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

44
Q

cell function: networks of membranes throughout the cytoplasm; synthesis or protein and nonprotein products

A

endoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

cell function: lined with ribosomes; involved in the synthesis and assembly of a variety of proteins and production of membranes

A

rough ER

46
Q

cell function:not associated w ribosomes; main site of steroid, fatty acid, and phospholipid synthesis; site of detoxification

A

smooth ER

47
Q

cell function: stacks of flattened membranous sacs or cisternae; receives, packages, stores, and ships protein products, produces lysosomes and other vesicles

A

Golgi apparatus

48
Q

cell function: vesicle containing enzymes that help in breaking down fatty acids and neutralizing hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisome

49
Q

cell function: in animal cells, vesicle containing hydrolytic digestive enzymes used in destroying cellular debris and worn out organelles; also important in programmed cell death

A

lysosome

50
Q

cell function: found in animal cells with the exception of roundworms; appear as a pair of cylindrical structures made of microtubules; form the spindle apparatus in cell division

A

centrioles

51
Q

cell function: site protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

52
Q

cell function: structures that help the cell maintain its shape, anchor organelles, and move; three kinds of _____ elements aware recognized: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers

A

cytoskeleton

53
Q

cell function: in plant cells, sites of photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

54
Q

cell function: in plant cells, large, fluid-filled sac that helps maintain the shape of the cell and stores metabolites

A

central vacuole

55
Q

cell function: region between adjacent plant cells that cements the cell walls together

A

middle lamellae

BIO 189 Lab (3 decks)

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