LAB 4: Reproductive Flashcards
What is in the interstitial space
Blood vessels and Leydig cells
What is the order of sperm development from the basement to the lumen and what is a distinguishable feature of it on a histology
Spermatogonia (dark on the basement) , 1’ spermatocyte, 2’ spermatocyte (2n->n, spotted because dividing), Spermatids (elongated), Spermatozoa (veryvery thin spindly tails)
What does the main 4 female horomes induce (what phase/event)
FSH induces proliferation of granulosa cells (follicular phase)
spike of LH induces ovulation (luteal phase)
Estrogen induces proliferative phase of uterus
Progesterone induces the secretory phase of the uterus
Do females have testicular hormones
They have testosterone, however they don’t have testicles so they don’t have testicular hormones
What might be causing the infertility of a women with hormone profile of pregnancy (increasing levels of progesterone and estrogen)
Problems with sustaining implantation:
Endometriosis, smoking,
What might be causing the infertility of a women with hormone profile of futile cycle
the male partner is infertile
What might be causing the infertility of a woman with hormone profile of veryyy low levels of all hormones
No fat for hormone synthesis, delayed puberty, menopause, problems with ovary : polycistic ovarian syndrome, ovarian cancer. Lesion in the hypothalamus preventing release of GnrH
What is the female athlete triad
This is 3 conditions associated with female athletes:
- Low body weight (low levels of fat to make steroid hormones).
- Amenorrhea ( no period) : Caused by reduced GnRH which affects LH/FSH so no follicles develop to be ovulated
- Premature oesteoporosis: because follicles can’t develop there are no granulosa cells producing estrogen for maintenance of bone density
What are the 4 stages of oocyte development
Primordial, primary, secondary, Graafian/mature/ pre ovulatory
Describe the thecal cells at each stage of oocyte development
Primordial don’t have thecal cells, Primary has thecal folliculi with Secondary’s thecal folliculi having two layers. Graafian has 2 layers of thecal cells-> theca interna and externa
What is the key features that differentiate the stages of oocyte developent
- Primordial doesn’t have zona pellucida, generally smaller
- Primary has zona pellucida and starts having cuboidal granulosa cells, but doesn’t have antrum
- Secondary has antrum filled with follicular fluid +corona radiata but it doesn’t have cumulous oophorus
- Graafian has cumulous oophorus (weak linkage where oocyte separates from during ovulation
IUD: region of reproductive tract it acts on, mechanism of action
Acts on the uterus as a chemical method. It contains Cu2+ which when released is cytotoxic and can affect sperm motility. Creates an unfavourable environment for sperm and eggs
Condom: region of reproductive tract it acts on, mechanism of action
Acts on the penis as a barrier method. It prevents the deposit of sperm in the female reproductive tract and protects against STIs
Diaphragm: region of reproductive tract it acts on, mechanism of action
Acts on the cervix/ uterus as a barrier method. It blocks the entrance to the uterus (cervix) from sperm. Must be inserted by clinician and commonly used with spermacide
Contraceptive pill: region of reproductive tract it acts on, mechanism of action
Acts on the ovaries as a hormonal method. Contains progestins which thicken the cervical mucus to block implantation and sperm travel through the cervix. Contains estrogens that inhibit LH and FSH. If administered during menstruation this prevents a follicle developing, oestrogens don’t rise and LH doesn’t trigger ovulation.
