Lab 3: Sheep heart Flashcards
What two orientational terms are the same in bipeds and quadrapeds
Posterior (direction of butt) and Anterior (direction of face). Superior (closer to the sky) and Inferior (closer to the ground)
Compare where cranial and caudal labels are on a biped and quadraped
For a biped, cranial is on the superior side and caudal is inferior whereas on a quadraped, cranial is on the anterior side and caudal is on the posterior side.
Compare where the ventral and dorsal labels are on a biped and quadraped
For a quadraped, dorsal is on the superior side and ventral is inferior whereas on a biped, ventral is on the anterior side and dorsal is on the posterior side.
What is the difference between sheep and human heart
Instead of having an inferior and superior vena cavae draining blood from the systemic circuit, sheep have a right and left anterior as well as a middle posterior vena cavae near the fat pads
What angle is the interventricular sulcus at ventral vs dorsal view
in ventral view it is at 45° whereas dorsal it is 90°
From a top view of the heart with the atria and vessels removed what are the 4 major holes
Looks like a face, most ventral mouth hole is pulmonary trunk, the central nose is the aorta, the two wider holes at the back are right and left ventricles
What feature helps to differentiate right and left ventricles and what is its structure and function
Moderator band-made of purkinje fibres and part of the heart conduction system
What feature helps to differentiate right and left semilunar valves and what is its structure and function
In the aorta are the coronary ostia, small openings to the coronary arteries above the semilunar valve. This is in the left semilunar valve (aortic valve)
What are the two branches of the aorta and which is first
1st: coronary artery which supplies heart , 2nd brachial cephalis artery which supplies head and arms
How is the appearance of the auricle wall and ventricle compare to the atrium. How does it help the auricle
Atrium has a smooth wall whereas auricle wall and ventricle are trabeculated - they have a rod like appearance. In the auricle this allows the blood to be squeezed more effectively in ventricular filling and pockets allow space for more blood storage.
In what direction is favourable for blood flow
from area of high pressure to area of low pressure
What was the foremen ovale and what did it become
It was a hole in the fetal interatrial septum, with a flap valve on the left side, allowing blood to cross from the right to the left atrium. It became the FOSSA OVALIS after the pressure in the left atrium greatly increased when born with increased blood flow from the lungs to left atrium and no more blood flow from the umbilical vein into right atrium
What was the ductus arteriosus and what did it become
It was a large fetal vessel that carried blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. At birth, vasoconstriction of the smooth muscle makes it become ligamentum arteriosum.
What would happen if someone had patent ductus artieriosus
the ductus remains open after birth and this would mean that some oxygenated blood would leak into the pulmonary trunk and therefore the amount of blood going to the lung would be larger than normal
