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neuroanatomy > Lab 4 cranial nerves/ BG > Flashcards

Lab 4 cranial nerves/ BG Flashcards

1
Q

where are some of the structures that cranial nerves innervate?

A

head, neck (obvi), thorax and abdominal cavity

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2
Q

which cranial nerves arise from the forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon)

A

olfactory and optic, respectively.

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3
Q

which cranial nerves arise from the midbrain?

A

oculomotor and trochlear

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4
Q

name some functions of the cranial nerves

A

eye movements, swallowing, respiration, speech, facial expression,

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5
Q

the four cranial nerves that come from pons are

A

trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear

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6
Q

four cranial nerves from medulla/spinal cord are

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

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7
Q

damage to olfactory cortex (aka area tempestus) results it

A

olfactory seizures

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8
Q

what does the optic nerve do

A

take info from eyes and bring it to LGN

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9
Q

the occularmotor nerve does what

A

controls the movements of the eye via 2 systems: somatic motor component controls eye tracking and the visceral motor component controls pupil size

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10
Q

olfactory nerves, after entering the cribiform plate, are surrounded by

A

menengies

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11
Q

what is Papilledema

A

a swelling of the optic disc due to an increase in intracranial pressure.

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12
Q

what might papilledema cause?

A

a distortion of the optic disc in the retina; this interferes with vision and may produce blindness if it occurs for an extended period of time.

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13
Q

how does the LGN communicate with primary visual cortex?

A

optic radiations

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14
Q

damage to cranial nerve 3 would result in

A

drooping eyelids, pupil dilation

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15
Q

what does the trochlear nerve do?

A

eye movement (up and down) controls the superior oblique muscles of the eye

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16
Q

what are some special things about the trochlear nerve?

A

smallest nerve, also longest intracranial course of all nerves, only one to exit from dorsal aspect of bs … lesions produce double vision

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17
Q

what is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

jaw movements, and somatosensory info from head

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18
Q

damage to the trigeminal nerve could result in

A

loss of sensation (anesthesia) with the extent comensurate to the damage

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19
Q

what is tic douloureux?

A

stabbing pain in the side of the face as a result of damage to trigeminal nerve (eg aneurysm)

20
Q

optic nerve carries axons from which cells?

A

retinal ganglion cells

21
Q

what is the function of the abducens nerve

A

innervates muscles which move the eye away from the midline

22
Q

lesions to the abducens produce

A

eyes rotating towards nose; double vision

23
Q

what is the function of the facial nerve

A

innervates muslces of maticulation (but instead of chewing/swallowing like trigeminel nerve, this is for FACIAL EXPRESSION) it also has a sensory component, gets taste info from soft pallet/first 2/3 on tongue

24
Q

nerve damage/inflammation/swelling of the facial nerve can cause

A

bells palsy (weakening of half the muscles on the face) can be treated with cortiocsteroirds (anti inflammatory)

25
Q

how do you percieve your heads position in space

A
  • the vestibular branch carries information from hair cells in the vestibular apparatus to nuclei in the pons/medulla, then the cochlear branch arises from neurons lying in the cochlear ganglion; they receive information from the hair cells in the ear and send it along to cochlear nuclei in the pons/medulla.
26
Q

damage to cranial nerve 8 can produce

A

tenitis (ringing) , loss of hearing, nausea, vertigo, disequilibrium

27
Q

what does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve innervate?

A

neck mucles and paratoid gland (saliva and digestive enzymes are produced here)

28
Q

somatosensory info from the back of the tonuge, pharynx, tonsils, and carotoid sinus are conveyed by

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

29
Q

why is the vagus nerve so important ? Hint:what is vagus latin for

A

L. Wanderer, it’s widespread innervation baby

30
Q

what’s the sensory function of cranial nerve 10?

A

info from meningies and throat

31
Q

motor component of the vagus nerve innervates?

A

digestive tract and stomach viscera, lungs, slows heart rate (parasympathetic)

32
Q

damage to the vagus is usually due to

A

vascular damage to the cranium

33
Q

vagal damage can result in

A

racing heart, forcible contractions of heart, slowed respiration, a sense of suffocation, speech impairments, and loss of sensation to the soft palate and pharynx.

34
Q

CN 11 has cranial AND spinal roots. It is…

A

accessory spinal nerve

35
Q

throat and neck muscles are controlled by

A

accessory spinal nerve. Damage results in weakness when turning to contralateral side

36
Q

hypoglossal nerve innervates

A

tongue muscles

37
Q

tongue paralysis on one side indicates ___ total tongue paralyisis indicates

A

damge to hypoglossal nerve; damage to nerve origin (medullary nuclei)

38
Q

the basal ganglia includes which structures?

A

striatum (caud/putamen) globus pallidus, substansia nigra, VL thal, subthalamic nuclei

39
Q

what is the general function of the BG

A

volitional movement, reward, cognition, integrates goals w movement, HABIT (nondeclaritive memory 8 arm test)

40
Q

internal capsule is to vertical as ____ is to horizontal

A

corpus callosum

41
Q

the SNR contains two divisions for DA and GABA. They are…?

A

pars compacta; zona reticulada

42
Q

IN PD, less DA to striatum effects movement by…?

A

less input to striatum means less inhibition of GP, which communicates GABAergically to thalamus. This influx of gaba to thalamus is what prevents motor outputs (thalamus exites cortex)

43
Q

ALL DA receptors are what class

A

metabotropic (2nd messenger systems)

44
Q

the medial forebrain bundle contains which pathways

A

meso-accumbens, striatal, limbic,

45
Q

a rat with lesions to DMT could do which version of the 8 arm test, lit or unlit?

A

LIT. If light signals food, you don’t have to remember shit. Rats w lesions to BG can’t form the habit of going down the light, but they can do the more difficult version fine

46
Q

what are the three divisions of the amygdala, and what do they do?

A

BLA - emotional tagging
centromedial n. - autonomic behaviors/addiction
cortical n. - olfaction/sexual behavior (pheromone sensors)

neuroanatomy (6 decks)

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