Lab 4 Flashcards
1
Q
layers of blood vessels
A
- Tunica Intima (innermost)
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Adventitia
2
Q
describe Tunica Intima
A
- endothelium,
- a single layer of flattened cells
- supported by a basement membrane and subendothelial layer of connective tissue -> not visible in staining
- called the endocardium in the heart
3
Q
describe Tunica Media
A
- thick smooth muscle arranged circumferentially
- relatively thick in arteries
- contraction of smooth muscle causes vasoconstriction
- in the heart, the middle layer is made of cardiac muscle, not smooth
4
Q
describe Tunica Adventitia
A
- outer layer
- connective tissue
- mostly collagen and a few elastic fibres
- relatively thin in arterial system
- thick in venules and veins
- outer layer of heart is called epicardium, heart itself sits inside pericardium
5
Q
explain sturcture of capillaries
A
- single layer of flattened endothelial cells with a basal lamina underneath
- basal lamina
- no adventrial layer
- will have singular red blood cell in the lumen (erythrocyte)
6
Q
explain an elastic artery
A
- arteries, aorta carotid arteries
- tunica media is very thick and elastic fibres
- includes the Aorta
- tunica adventitia is mostly fibrous connective tissue
7
Q
exaplin a muscular artery
A
- tunica media mostly smooth muscle with few elastic fibres scattered
- prominent internal elastic lamina -> outermost part of the tunica intima
- wide layer of tunica media -> multiple layers of smooth muscle (less elastin)
8
Q
explain an arteriole
A
- tunica media almost entirely smooth muscle
- plump endothelial cell nuclei
9
Q
explain structure of a vein
A
- larger lumen
- tunica intima mainly thin endothelial cell lining
- tunica media is thinner than arteries
- tunica adventitia is the thickest layer, composed of collagen and elastin fibres which blend with the surrounding connective tissue
- often blood-filled lumen
- flat endothelia
- valves
10
Q
what are valves made of
A
- projections of the tunica intima from the vessel wall
- fibrous connective tissue lined by endothelium
11
Q
order of respiratory tubes
A
trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles -> respiratory bronchioles (only in some species) -> alveolar ducts -> alveoli (alveolar sacs)
12
Q
usual structure of respiratory layers
A
- mucosa -> epithelium and lamina propria
- smooth muscle in bronchi and bronchioles (not trachea or alveoli)
- submucosa
13
Q
structure of trachea
A
- submucosa contains serous and mucous glands -> cartilage externally
- pseudostratified, columnar, ciliated epithelium
- numerous goblet cells
- no smooth muscle
- ducts include seromucous gland ducts
14
Q
bronchioles
A
- epithelium is columnar/oval,
- cilia are rare
- few goblet cells within epithelia
- smooth muscle under mucosa layers
- no cartilage
- mucosa
- submucosa (smooth muscle)
15
Q
bronchi
A
- smooth muscle under mucosa layers
- submucosa contains serous and mucous glands
- pseudostratified, columnar, ciliated epithelium
- cartilage
- goblet cells and seromucous glands numerous
- lamina propria = fibrous connective tissue beneath epithelium, contains lymphocytes -> bronchiolar-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
- Both bronchi and bronchioles have smooth muscle between the mucosa and submucosa, which can contract and alter airway diameter.
