Lab 3.8 Flashcards
SCENARIO: 5-year-old intact male cat
- lethargy, weight loss, nasal and ocular discharge, anorexia
-change in temperament; from friendly to fearful
-outdoor, fights
Physical examination findings
* MucopurulentOculo-nasalDischarge
* Cachectic(lossofweightandmusclemass)
* Painful Mouth with gingivitis, erosion of the gums and tongue
* Enlarged lymph nodes below jaw line
* Moderate flea infestation
* Pyrexia(41.0C)
* Dehydration
* PaleMucusMembranes
* Bronchial rales on auscultation
CBC
- Moderate-to-severe non-regenerative anemia
- mild leukopenia; low segmented neutrophils, mild monocytosis
Biochem
- hyperproteinemia
Presumptive diagnosis?
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) acute symptoms
● Peripheral lymphadenopathy
● Fever
● Weight loss
● Anemia
● Gingivitis, and stomatitis
● Nasal & oral discharge
● Anorexia
● Behavioral change
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) Chronic cases are accompanied by:
- Opportunistic bacterial, viral, and fungal infections
- Progressive weight loss
- Severe wasting
- Chronic recurrent respiratory, ocular, and intestinal disease
other name for FIV
“fighting cat disease”
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) infects what cells?
Infects CD4+ T lymphocytes
transmission of FIV
- Horizontal transmission by virus-contaminated saliva (bites)
- Vertical transmission (infected queens to their kittens)
How would you explain the wide range of clinical findings, including the behavioral changes, from FIV?
- FIV attacks the immune system, leaving the cat vulnerable to many other infections
- Systemic compromise of the immune system’s ability to use lymphocytes
- More likely to acquire illness in different systems – oral, respiratory, GI, etc
- Pain associated with chronic inflammation and infection can result in behavior changes
what tests do we run for FIV? what should we consider?
- FIV Antibody detection with ELISA SNAP
Key fact: when a cat is first infected with FIV, its immune system develops antibodies against the virus that persist in the blood for the rest of its life
Should we be concerned about false positive results?
- Infected mother transfer FIV antibodies to nursing kittens
FIV vs FeLV diagnostic tests
- FIV Antibody detection
- FeLV is Antigen detection
what vaccine options do we have for FIV
none :( was discontinued
What is the prognosis for FIV (in general)?
- The lifespan of FIV infected cars is highly variable
- With management, cats can often live “normal” lives
- Cats with the virus can be asymptomatic for a long time
> More than 50% are asymptomatic for 5 years - 20% die within 2 years of diagnosis (which is often 4-6 years after infection if they are not tested until they are symptomatic)
how do we manage an FIV positive cat?
- Visiting the veterinarian at least every 6 months
> CBC, biochemistry, and urinalysis recommended - Promptly treating secondary infections
- Providing a balanced diet (no raw foods)
- Controlling parasites
- Antiviral Zidovudine (AZT, Reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
- Reduce viral replication, but side effects
- FIV-infected cats should be spayed or neutered and kept indoors to minimize exposure
What should be done to prevent FIV transmission?
- The most important measure for the control of FeLV and FIV is the identification and segregation of infected cats!
- Cats of unknown retrovirus status should be housed individually in shelters
- FIV-infected cats should be spayed or neutered and kept indoors to minimize exposure
SCENARIO: sheep farm, ewes and rams:
- ewe: hopping like a rabbit and swaying on the back end
- rams: lack of co-ordination, biting their feet
- ram: scratching his side and, as a result, there was some wool loss
Thoughts?
think Scrapie
histo lesions from scrapie
Spongiform changes in gray matter (vacuolation)
