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PSIO202 > Lab 3.2 > Flashcards

Lab 3.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Are the contents of lumen considered internal or external?

A

external

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2
Q

Functions of the Digestive System

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, defecation

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3
Q

Pathway of Digestion

A

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver and gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum/anus

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4
Q

GI Tract Organs

A

(Part of the canal that comes in direct contact with food)
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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5
Q

Accessory Organs

A

(Assist in digestion)
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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6
Q

Semi-liquid acidic fluid that consists of gastric food and partially digested food that passes from your stomach into your small intestine

A

Chyme

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7
Q

The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the smooth muscle lining the intestines that propel food forward through propulsion

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

Most superficial layer of digestive tract

A

Mucosa

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9
Q

Sub-layers of the most superficial layer of the digestive tract

A

Layer: Mucosa
I. Epithelium
II. Lamina propia
III. Musculares mucosae

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10
Q

Layer directly deep to the Mucosa

A

Submucosa

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11
Q

Layer directly deep to the sub mucosa

A

Muscularis externa

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12
Q

Sublayers to the layer deep to submucosa

A

Layer: Muscularis Externa
I. Inner circular
II. Outer longitudinal

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13
Q

Layer directly deep to Muscularis Externa

A

Serosa (or adventitia)

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14
Q

Part of enteric nervous system of GI tract that controls peristalsis and other contractions of the muscularis externa

A

Myenteric plexus

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15
Q

Part of the enteric nervous system of the GI Tract that controls the muscularis mucosae and glandular secretions of the mucosa

A

Submucosal plexus

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16
Q

Serous membrane surrounds peritoneal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum - surrounds cavity
Visceral peritoneum - surrounds organs within cavity

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17
Q

Outside and posterior to the peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneal organs

Duodenum, part of pancreas, portions of large intestine

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18
Q

A peritoneal fold that holds small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesentery

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19
Q

Peritoneal fold that hold large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesocolon

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20
Q

Peritoneal fold that binds liver to anterior abdominal wall

A

Falciform ligament

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21
Q

Peritoneal fold that is a layer of fat that loosely covers the transverse colon and small intestine

A

Greater omentum

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22
Q

Peritoneal fold that connects medial curve of the stomach with the liver

A

Lesser omentum

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23
Q

Regulates swallowing reflex and keeps excess air out of esophagus

A

Upper esophageal sphincter

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24
Q

Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________ layer

A

Muscularis

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25
Q

Prevents reflux from stomach

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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26
Q

Regions of the stomach

A

Cardina, fundus, body, pylorus

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27
Q

Secretes acid, enzymes, churns food (liquifies food into chyme)

A

Functions of stomach

28
Q

Interface between esophagus and stomach (entryway)

A

Cardia

29
Q

Hold both undigested food and gases released during digestion in stomach

A

Fundus

30
Q

Main portion of the stomach where most churning and digestion takes place

A

Body

31
Q

Holds the broken down food until it is ready to be released into the small intestine

A

Pyloric antrum and canal

32
Q

Layers of the stomach muscle (muscularis externa)

A

I. Inner oblique
II. Middle circular
III. Outer longitudinal

33
Q

Looks wrinkled in the stomach, allows for expansion (increase surface area)

A

Rugae of mucosa

34
Q

5 types of gastric glands

A

Mucous cells, regenerative (stem) cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells (ex. G cells)

35
Q
  • Site of most absorption of fluid and nutrients occur here
  • Secretion, mixing, propulsion, segmentation, chemical and mechanical digestion
A

Small intestine

36
Q

3 regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

37
Q

The valve that separates the small from the large intestine - keeping bacteria in large intestine from invading the small intestine

A

Ileocecal sphincter or Ileal papilla

38
Q

The small intestine has a large surface area for absorption because of:

A

Circular folds (plicae circularis), villi, microvilli

39
Q

Secretes mucus (2 types)

A

Surface mucous cell and mucous neck cell

40
Q

Secretes HCl and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cell

41
Q

Secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase

A

Chief cell

42
Q

Secretes the hormone gastrin into the blood stream (not stomach)

A

G Cell

43
Q

Absorbs remaining water (desiccation) and segments bolus - takes 36-48 hours to reduce a meal to feces

A

Function of large intestine

44
Q

Regions of the Large intestine

A

Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Anus

45
Q

2 regulators for the movement of feces

A

Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle - involuntary) and external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle - voluntary)

46
Q

Swollen veins in your anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins

A

Internal hemorrhoids (from inside rectum) and external hemorrhoids (under skin around anus

47
Q

Grind food

A

Molars

48
Q

Crush and grind food

A

Premolars

49
Q

Tear food

A

Canines

50
Q

Cut food

A

Incisors

51
Q

Made of calcium salts and protects the tooth from wear and tear

A

Enamel

52
Q

Calcified connective tissue that makes up the majority of the tooth

A

Dentin

53
Q

Contains pulp (connective tissue contains nerve and blood vessels

A

Pulp cavity

54
Q

A bone-like substance that attaches the root to the periodontal ligament

A

Cementum

55
Q

Helps anchor the tooth to the underlying bone

A

Periodontal ligament

56
Q

An opening at the base of a root canal through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter a tooth

A

Apical foramen

57
Q

Scattered all throughout mouth - always producing saliva to moisten mouth

A

Intrinsic salivary glands (minor)

58
Q

3 pairs of distinct glands located outside of the oral mucosa

A

Extrinsic salivary glands (major)

59
Q

3 extrinsic salivary glands

A

Parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland

60
Q

2 secretory cells in salivary

A

Serous acini (watery fluid, enzyme) and mucous cells (mucus)

61
Q

Form ducts leading to oral cavity (salivary gland)

A

Duct cells

62
Q

Portal triad made of 3 things

A

Branch of hepatic portal vein, branch of hepatic artery proper, bile ductule

63
Q

Organ that produces bile

A

Liver

64
Q

Stores and concentrates bile

A

Gallbladder

65
Q

Organ that secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into duodenum through duodenal papilla (hepatopancreatic sphincter = Sphincter of Oddi)

A

Pancreas (exocrine - acini)

PSIO202 (3 decks)

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