Lab 3.2

Question 1

Are the contents of lumen considered internal or external?

Answer 1

external

Question 2

Functions of the Digestive System

Answer 2

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, defecation

Question 3

Pathway of Digestion

Answer 3

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver and gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum/anus

Question 4

GI Tract Organs

Answer 4

(Part of the canal that comes in direct contact with food)
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 5

Accessory Organs

Answer 5

(Assist in digestion)
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Question 6

Semi-liquid acidic fluid that consists of gastric food and partially digested food that passes from your stomach into your small intestine

Answer 6

Chyme

Question 7

The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the smooth muscle lining the intestines that propel food forward through propulsion

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

Most superficial layer of digestive tract

Answer 8

Mucosa

Question 9

Sub-layers of the most superficial layer of the digestive tract

Answer 9

Layer: Mucosa
I. Epithelium
II. Lamina propia
III. Musculares mucosae

Question 10

Layer directly deep to the Mucosa

Answer 10

Submucosa

Question 11

Layer directly deep to the sub mucosa

Answer 11

Muscularis externa

Question 12

Sublayers to the layer deep to submucosa

Answer 12

Layer: Muscularis Externa
I. Inner circular
II. Outer longitudinal

Question 13

Layer directly deep to Muscularis Externa

Answer 13

Serosa (or adventitia)

Question 14

Part of enteric nervous system of GI tract that controls peristalsis and other contractions of the muscularis externa

Answer 14

Myenteric plexus

Question 15

Part of the enteric nervous system of the GI Tract that controls the muscularis mucosae and glandular secretions of the mucosa

Answer 15

Submucosal plexus

Question 16

Serous membrane surrounds peritoneal cavity

Answer 16

Parietal peritoneum - surrounds cavity
Visceral peritoneum - surrounds organs within cavity

Question 17

Outside and posterior to the peritoneum

Answer 17

Retroperitoneal organs

Duodenum, part of pancreas, portions of large intestine

Question 18

A peritoneal fold that holds small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

Answer 18

Mesentery

Question 19

Peritoneal fold that hold large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

Answer 19

Mesocolon

Question 20

Peritoneal fold that binds liver to anterior abdominal wall

Answer 20

Falciform ligament

Question 21

Peritoneal fold that is a layer of fat that loosely covers the transverse colon and small intestine

Answer 21

Greater omentum

Question 22

Peritoneal fold that connects medial curve of the stomach with the liver

Answer 22

Lesser omentum

Question 23

Regulates swallowing reflex and keeps excess air out of esophagus

Answer 23

Upper esophageal sphincter

Question 24

Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________ layer

Answer 24

Muscularis

Question 25

Prevents reflux from stomach

Answer 25

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 26

Regions of the stomach

Answer 26

Cardina, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 27

Secretes acid, enzymes, churns food (liquifies food into chyme)

Answer 27

Functions of stomach

Question 28

Interface between esophagus and stomach (entryway)

Answer 28

Cardia

Question 29

Hold both undigested food and gases released during digestion in stomach

Answer 29

Fundus

Question 30

Main portion of the stomach where most churning and digestion takes place

Answer 30

Body

Question 31

Holds the broken down food until it is ready to be released into the small intestine

Answer 31

Pyloric antrum and canal

Question 32

Layers of the stomach muscle (muscularis externa)

Answer 32

I. Inner oblique II. Middle circular III. Outer longitudinal

Question 33

Looks wrinkled in the stomach, allows for expansion (increase surface area)

Answer 33

Rugae of mucosa

Question 34

5 types of gastric glands

Answer 34

Mucous cells, regenerative (stem) cells, parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells (ex. G cells)

Question 35

- Site of most absorption of fluid and nutrients occur here - Secretion, mixing, propulsion, segmentation, chemical and mechanical digestion

Answer 35

Small intestine

Question 36

3 regions of the small intestine

Answer 36

Duodenum, Jejunum, ileum

Question 37

The valve that separates the small from the large intestine - keeping bacteria in large intestine from invading the small intestine

Answer 37

Ileocecal sphincter or Ileal papilla

Question 38

The small intestine has a large surface area for absorption because of:

Answer 38

Circular folds (plicae circularis), villi, microvilli

Question 39

Secretes mucus (2 types)

Answer 39

Surface mucous cell and mucous neck cell

Question 40

Secretes HCl and intrinsic factor

Answer 40

Parietal cell

Question 41

Secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Answer 41

Chief cell

Question 42

Secretes the hormone gastrin into the blood stream (not stomach)

Answer 42

G Cell

Question 43

Absorbs remaining water (desiccation) and segments bolus - takes 36-48 hours to reduce a meal to feces

Answer 43

Function of large intestine

Question 44

Regions of the Large intestine

Answer 44

Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid Colon Rectum Anal canal Anus

Question 45

2 regulators for the movement of feces

Answer 45

Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle - involuntary) and external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle - voluntary)

Question 46

Swollen veins in your anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins

Answer 46

Internal hemorrhoids (from inside rectum) and external hemorrhoids (under skin around anus

Question 47

Grind food

Answer 47

Molars

Question 48

Crush and grind food

Answer 48

Premolars

Question 49

Tear food

Answer 49

Canines

Question 50

Cut food

Answer 50

Incisors

Question 51

Made of calcium salts and protects the tooth from wear and tear

Answer 51

Enamel

Question 52

Calcified connective tissue that makes up the majority of the tooth

Answer 52

Dentin

Question 53

Contains pulp (connective tissue contains nerve and blood vessels

Answer 53

Pulp cavity

Question 54

A bone-like substance that attaches the root to the periodontal ligament

Answer 54

Cementum

Question 55

Helps anchor the tooth to the underlying bone

Answer 55

Periodontal ligament

Question 56

An opening at the base of a root canal through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter a tooth

Answer 56

Apical foramen

Question 57

Scattered all throughout mouth - always producing saliva to moisten mouth

Answer 57

Intrinsic salivary glands (minor)

Question 58

3 pairs of distinct glands located outside of the oral mucosa

Answer 58

Extrinsic salivary glands (major)

Question 59

3 extrinsic salivary glands

Answer 59

Parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland

Question 60

2 secretory cells in salivary

Answer 60

Serous acini (watery fluid, enzyme) and mucous cells (mucus)

Question 61

Form ducts leading to oral cavity (salivary gland)

Answer 61

Duct cells

Question 62

Portal triad made of 3 things

Answer 62

Branch of hepatic portal vein, branch of hepatic artery proper, bile ductule

Question 63

Organ that produces bile

Answer 63

Liver

Question 64

Stores and concentrates bile

Answer 64

Gallbladder

Question 65

Organ that secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into duodenum through duodenal papilla (hepatopancreatic sphincter = Sphincter of Oddi)

Answer 65

Pancreas (exocrine - acini)