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PSIO202 > Lab 3.1 > Flashcards

Lab 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. They control on term activity of the target organs for metabolism, growth, and development.

A

Endocrine Glands

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2
Q

Glands that have ducts that secrete products (sweat, enzymes, mucus, and sebum) to the external environment. They control short term activity and mainly regulate body temperature.

A

Exocrine Gland

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3
Q

Short distance chemical transmission, faster transmission speed, shorter lasting effects

A

Nervous System

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4
Q

Long distance chemical transmission, longer lasting effects, slower transmission speed

A

Endocrine system

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5
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Cartilage, bone, skeletal muscle, liver, and other body tissues
Function: Stimulates secretion of hormones that stimulate body growth and metabolism

A

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

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6
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cell: Thyroid Gland
Function: Stimulates growth of thyroid gland and secretion of its hormones

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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7
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Location of Target Cells: Testes/Ovaries
Function: Stimulates sperm production/stimulates oocyte maturation and estrogen secretion

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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8
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Testes/Ovaries
Function: Stimulates secretion of testosterone/Triggers ovulation and stimulates secretion of estrogen and progesterone

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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9
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target cells: Mammary Gland
Function: Stimulates production and secretion of milk

A

Prolactin (PL)

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10
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Adrenal Cortex
Function: Stimulates secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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11
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Skin
Function: Darkens skin pigmentation

A

Melanocyte-stimulation Hormone (MSH)

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12
Q

Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Kidneys
Function: Decreases water lost in urine by returning it back to blood

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin

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13
Q

Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Uterus and mammary glands
Function: Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection

A

Oxytocin (OT)

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14
Q

Gland: Thyroid Gland
Target Cells: most body cells
Function: Increases metabolism and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

T3 Triiodothyronine/T4 Thyroxine

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15
Q

Gland: Thyroid Gland
Target Cells: Osteoclast cells in bones
Function: Decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts

A

Calcitonin

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16
Q

Gland: Parathyroid
Target Cells: Osteoclast cells in bones
Function: Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone matrix

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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17
Q

Gland: Adrenal
Target Cells: Kidneys
Function: decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood

A

Aldosterone (mineral corticoid)

18
Q

Gland: Adrenal
Target Cells: Liver, muscle, and cells involved in body defenses
Function: Increases resistance to stress increases blood glucose levels and decrease inflammation

A

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

19
Q

Gland: Adrenal
Target Cells: Uterus, Mammary glands and other body cells involved in secondary sex characteristics
Function: Insignificant in males - increases sex drive in females

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

20
Q

Gland: Adrenal Medulla
Target Cells: Body cells involved in fight or flight response
Function: Promotes fight or flight

A

Norepinephrine/Epinephrine

21
Q

Gland: Pancreas
Target Cells: Most body cells
Function: Decrease blood glucose levels by transporting glucose into body cells

A

Insulin

22
Q

Gland: Pancreas
Target Cells: Liver
Function: Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose

A

Glucagon

23
Q

Gland: Ovaries
Target Cells: Uterus, mammary glands, and other body cells involved in female sexual characteristics
Function: Stimulates development of female sex characteristics; helps regulate menstrual cycle

A

Estradiol/Progesterone

24
Q

Gland: Testes
Target Cells: Testes, muscles, and other body cells involved in male sexual characteristics
Function: stimulates development of male sex characteristics; stimulates male sex drive; regulates sperm production

A

Testosterone

25
Q

Gland: Pineal Gland
Target Cells: Brain
Function: Helps to set biological clock

A

Melatonin

26
Q

Gland: Thymus
Target Cells: T Cells
Function: Promotes the maturation of T cells for the immune response

A

Thymosin

27
Q

There is a __________ between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.

A

Portal system

28
Q

Three zones of Adrenal Cortex (inner to outer)

A

Zona Reticularis, Zona Fasciculata, Zona Glomerulosa

29
Q

Type of neuroendocrine tumor that grows from chromaffin cells, causing high blood pressure, headache, sweating and symptoms of a panic attack resulting in high adrenaline

A

Pheochromocytoma

30
Q

System of assigning a number to carbohydrate-containing foods according to how much each food increases blood sugar

A

Glycemic Index

31
Q

The lower the GI value, the _______ the carbohydrate

A

Slower

32
Q

Green vegetables, most fruits, raw carrots, kidney beans, chickpeas, lentils, and bran breakfast cereals

A

Low GI Foods

33
Q

Sweet corn, bananas, raw pineapple, raisins, oat breakfast cereals, and multigrain, oat bran or rye bread

A

Medium GI

34
Q

White rice, white bread and potatoes

A

High GI

35
Q

Adding fat, fiber, or protein ______ GI by delaying gastric emptying and stimulating insulin secretion

A

Decreases

36
Q

Processed carbohydrates are easy to break down and absorb which _____ GI

A

Increases

37
Q
  • Brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis
  • Product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction
A

Negative Feedback Loop

38
Q
  • moves a system further away from the target of equilibrium
  • product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction
A

Positive Feedback Loop

39
Q

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

A

GI Tract Organs

40
Q

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

A

Accessory Organs

PSIO202 (3 decks)

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