Lab 3.1

Question 1

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. They control on term activity of the target organs for metabolism, growth, and development.

Answer 1

Endocrine Glands

Question 2

Glands that have ducts that secrete products (sweat, enzymes, mucus, and sebum) to the external environment. They control short term activity and mainly regulate body temperature.

Answer 2

Exocrine Gland

Question 3

Short distance chemical transmission, faster transmission speed, shorter lasting effects

Answer 3

Nervous System

Question 4

Long distance chemical transmission, longer lasting effects, slower transmission speed

Answer 4

Endocrine system

Question 5

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Cartilage, bone, skeletal muscle, liver, and other body tissues
Function: Stimulates secretion of hormones that stimulate body growth and metabolism

Answer 5

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Question 6

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cell: Thyroid Gland
Function: Stimulates growth of thyroid gland and secretion of its hormones

Answer 6

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 7

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Location of Target Cells: Testes/Ovaries
Function: Stimulates sperm production/stimulates oocyte maturation and estrogen secretion

Answer 7

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 8

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Testes/Ovaries
Function: Stimulates secretion of testosterone/Triggers ovulation and stimulates secretion of estrogen and progesterone

Answer 8

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 9

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target cells: Mammary Gland
Function: Stimulates production and secretion of milk

Answer 9

Prolactin (PL)

Question 10

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Adrenal Cortex
Function: Stimulates secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex

Answer 10

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 11

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Skin
Function: Darkens skin pigmentation

Answer 11

Melanocyte-stimulation Hormone (MSH)

Question 12

Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Kidneys
Function: Decreases water lost in urine by returning it back to blood

Answer 12

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin

Question 13

Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Target Cells: Uterus and mammary glands
Function: Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection

Answer 13

Oxytocin (OT)

Question 14

Gland: Thyroid Gland
Target Cells: most body cells
Function: Increases metabolism and basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 14

T3 Triiodothyronine/T4 Thyroxine

Question 15

Gland: Thyroid Gland
Target Cells: Osteoclast cells in bones
Function: Decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts

Answer 15

Calcitonin

Question 16

Gland: Parathyroid
Target Cells: Osteoclast cells in bones
Function: Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone matrix

Answer 16

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Question 17

Gland: Adrenal
Target Cells: Kidneys
Function: decreases sodium and water loss in urine by returning sodium and water to the blood

Answer 17

Aldosterone (mineral corticoid)

Question 18

Gland: Adrenal
Target Cells: Liver, muscle, and cells involved in body defenses
Function: Increases resistance to stress increases blood glucose levels and decrease inflammation

Answer 18

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

Question 19

Gland: Adrenal
Target Cells: Uterus, Mammary glands and other body cells involved in secondary sex characteristics
Function: Insignificant in males - increases sex drive in females

Answer 19

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Question 20

Gland: Adrenal Medulla
Target Cells: Body cells involved in fight or flight response
Function: Promotes fight or flight

Answer 20

Norepinephrine/Epinephrine

Question 21

Gland: Pancreas
Target Cells: Most body cells
Function: Decrease blood glucose levels by transporting glucose into body cells

Answer 21

Insulin

Question 22

Gland: Pancreas
Target Cells: Liver
Function: Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose

Answer 22

Glucagon

Question 23

Gland: Ovaries
Target Cells: Uterus, mammary glands, and other body cells involved in female sexual characteristics
Function: Stimulates development of female sex characteristics; helps regulate menstrual cycle

Answer 23

Estradiol/Progesterone

Question 24

Gland: Testes
Target Cells: Testes, muscles, and other body cells involved in male sexual characteristics
Function: stimulates development of male sex characteristics; stimulates male sex drive; regulates sperm production

Answer 24

Testosterone

Question 25

Gland: Pineal Gland Target Cells: Brain Function: Helps to set biological clock

Answer 25

Melatonin

Question 26

Gland: Thymus Target Cells: T Cells Function: Promotes the maturation of T cells for the immune response

Answer 26

Thymosin

Question 27

There is a __________ between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.

Answer 27

Portal system

Question 28

Three zones of Adrenal Cortex (inner to outer)

Answer 28

Zona Reticularis, Zona Fasciculata, Zona Glomerulosa

Question 29

Type of neuroendocrine tumor that grows from chromaffin cells, causing high blood pressure, headache, sweating and symptoms of a panic attack resulting in high adrenaline

Answer 29

Pheochromocytoma

Question 30

System of assigning a number to carbohydrate-containing foods according to how much each food increases blood sugar

Answer 30

Glycemic Index

Question 31

The lower the GI value, the _______ the carbohydrate

Answer 31

Slower

Question 32

Green vegetables, most fruits, raw carrots, kidney beans, chickpeas, lentils, and bran breakfast cereals

Answer 32

Low GI Foods

Question 33

Sweet corn, bananas, raw pineapple, raisins, oat breakfast cereals, and multigrain, oat bran or rye bread

Answer 33

Medium GI

Question 34

White rice, white bread and potatoes

Answer 34

High GI

Question 35

Adding fat, fiber, or protein ______ GI by delaying gastric emptying and stimulating insulin secretion

Answer 35

Decreases

Question 36

Processed carbohydrates are easy to break down and absorb which _____ GI

Answer 36

Increases

Question 37

- Brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis - Product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction

Answer 37

Negative Feedback Loop

Question 38

- moves a system further away from the target of equilibrium - product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction

Answer 38

Positive Feedback Loop

Question 39

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Answer 39

GI Tract Organs

Question 40

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Answer 40

Accessory Organs